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Commentary Critical and Explanatory

Exodus 22:22-24

Ye shall not afflict any widow, or fatherless child.

Ye shall not afflict any widow, or fatherless child, х lo' (H3808) tª`anuwn (H6031)] - ye shall not afflict or humble. The word implies cold neglect as well as bad usage [Septuagint, ou kakoosete] - ye shall not do any ill. The law took particular care of all whom death had deprived of their natural guardians (Deuteronomy 14:28; Deuteronomy 26:12; Isaiah 1:17); and God declared that any cruelty exercised towards such helpless objects would be punished in retributive justice by His own hand as the avenger of their cause (Deuteronomy 10:18; Psalms 10:14; Psalms 68:5; Psalms 82:1; Zechariah 7:10).

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See also Exodus 22:22-24 in other biblical comments:

  • Adam Clarke Bible Commentary

    Verse Exodus 22:22. _YE SHALL NOT AFFLICT ANY WIDOW, OR FATHERLESS CHILD._] It is remarkable that offences against this law are not left to the discretion of the _judges_ to be _punished_; God reserv...

  • Albert Barnes' Bible Commentary

    AFFLICT - A word including all cold and contemptuous treatment. See Deuteronomy 10:18. Contrast the blessing, Deuteronomy 14:29....

  • Annotated Bible by A.C. Gaebelein

    CHAPTER 22 FURTHER JUDGMENTS _ 1. Concerning theft (Exodus 22:1)_ 2. Concerning neglect in case of fire (Exodus 22:6) 3. Concerning dishonesty (Exodus 22:7) 4. Concerning immoralities and forbidde...

  • Arthur Peake's Commentary on the Bible

    EXODUS 22:18 E. VARIOUS ORDINANCES. From this point up to Exodus 23:9 we have to do with miscellaneous laws, differing in the main both in form and substance from the Judgments, and therefore here reg...

  • Bullinger's Companion Bible Notes

    WIDOW, or fatherless. Figure of speech _Synecdoche_ (of Species), App-6, put for all kinds of helpless ones....

  • Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

    The helpless widow, and orphan, not to be oppressed. The widow, the orphan, and the -sojourner," as liable in various ways to suffer from rapacious judges, and hard-hearted moneyed men, are constantly...

  • Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

    21-27. A group of humanitarian laws. The _gêr_, or resident foreigner, the widow, and the orphan not to be oppressed, _vv._21 24; interest not to be taken from the poor, _v._25; a garment taken in ple...

  • Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

    Exodus 20:22 to Exodus 23:33 _The Book of the Covenant_ The -Book of the Covenant" (see Exodus 24:7 in explanation of the name) is the oldest piece of Hebrew legislation that we possess. The laws co...

  • Coke's Commentary on the Holy Bible

    YE SHALL NOT AFFLICT ANY WIDOW, &C.— The humanity of the Divine law is always discernible: none are so helpless and pitiable, as widows and orphans: God therefore enjoins, under the severest penalties...

  • College Press Bible Study Textbook Series

    THE TEXT OF EXODUS TRANSLATION 22 If a man shall steal an ox, or a sheep, and kill it, or sell it; he shall pay five oxen for an ox, and four sheep for a sheep. (2) If the thief be found breaking in,...

  • Dummelow's Commentary on the Bible

    THE BOOK OF THE COVENANT (CONTINUED) 1. Four sheep] The larger compensation required in the case of the ox is probably due to the fact that it is an animal used for labour, and of proportionately hig...

  • EasyEnglish Bible Commentaries

    EXODUS: *ISRAEL BECOMES A NATION GOD’S INSTRUCTIONS TO MOSES EXODUS CHAPTER S 19 TO 40 _HILDA BRIGHT AND KITTY PRIDE_ CHAPTER 22 LAWS ABOUT PROPERTY – VERSES 1-15 V1 The *LORD continued to spe...

  • Ellicott's Commentary On The Whole Bible

    MISCELLANEOUS LAWS. (16-31) The remainder of the chapter contains laws which it is impossible to bring under any general head or heads, and which can, therefore, only be regarded as miscellaneous. Mo...

  • Ellicott's Commentary On The Whole Bible

    (21-24) The juxtaposition of laws against oppression with three crimes of the deepest dye seems intended to indicate that oppression is among the sins which are most hateful in God’s sight. The lawgiv...

  • ETCBC data on Hebrew bible

    _[Exodus 22:21]_ כָּל ־אַלְמָנָ֥ה וְ יָתֹ֖ום לֹ֥א...

  • Expositor's Bible Commentary (Nicoll)

    CHAPTER XXII. _ THE LESSER LAW (continued)._ PART IV. Exodus 22:16 - Exodus 23:19. The Fourth section of this law within the law consists of enactments, curiously disconnected, many of them without...

  • G. Campbell Morgan's Exposition on the Whole Bible

    The laws of property follow. The section really begins with verse Exo 21:33 of the previous chapter. These laws also began by laying emphasis on the guilt of carelessness. The truth emphasized is that...

  • Hawker's Poor man's commentary

    How precious these tokens of divine love to peculiar situations. Proverbs 22:22; Psalms 12:5....

  • Introductory Lectures - Commentary by William Kelly

    "In the third month, when the children of Israel were gone forth out of the land of Egypt, the same day came they into the wilderness of Sinai." Up to this point all the dealings of God have been the...

  • John Darby's Synopsis

    THE FOLLOWING COMMENTARY COVERS CHAPTER S 19 THROUGH 23. But having thus terminated the course of grace, the scene changes entirely. They do not keep the feast on the mountain, whither God, as He had...

  • John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible

    YE SHALL NOT AFFLICT ANY WIDOW OR FATHERLESS CHILD. Who have no friends, husband, or father to be on their side and protect them, and are weak and helpless to defend themselves, and therefore it must...

  • John Trapp Complete Commentary

    Ye shall not afflict any widow, or fatherless child. Ver. 22. _Or fatherless child._] With God "the fatherless findeth mercy." Hos 14:3 Widows and orphans are God's clients, taken into his protection...

  • Joseph Benson’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

    _Ye shall not afflict the widow, or fatherless child_ That is, ye shall comfort and assist them, and be ready upon all occasions to show them kindness. In making just demands from them, their conditio...

  • KJV Original Language Details

    1 Of theft. 5 Of dammage. 7 Of trespasses. 14.Of borrowing. 16 Of fornication. 18 Of witchcraft. 19 Of bestialitie. 20 Of idolatrie. 21 Of strangers, widowes, and fatherlesse. 25 Of vsurie. 2...

  • Kretzmann's Popular Commentary of the Bible

    REGARDING VARIOUS SOCIAL RELATIONS...

  • Kretzmann's Popular Commentary of the Bible

    Ye shall not afflict any widow or fatherless child. To humble widows and orphans by acts of unkindness is to challenge the Lord, who is the special Protector of the desolate....

  • Lange's Commentary on the Holy Scriptures

    C. FIRST FORM OF THE LAW OF THE POLITICAL COMMONWEALTH Exodus 21:1 to Exodus 23:33 _a. Right of Personal Freedom (according to Bertheau, ten in number)_ 1Now these _are_ the judgments [ordinances] w...

  • Leslie M. Grant's Commentary on the Bible

    LAWS AS REGARDS PROPERTY (vs.1-15) While one rightly was control over his own property, yet he is also responsible as to how he uses it. If one were to dig a pit, even on his own property, and leave...

  • Matthew Poole's Concise Commentary On The Bible

    No text from Poole on this verse....

  • Notes on the Pentateuch by Charles Henry Mackintosh

    The study of this section of our book is eminently calculated to impress the heart with a sense d God's unsearchable wisdom and infinite goodness. It enables one to form some idea of the character of...

  • Patchworkid's Personal Study Bible Notes

    Exodus 22:22 afflict H6031 (H8762) widow H490 child H3490 Deuteronomy 10:18,...

  • Peter Pett's Commentary on the Bible

    SUNDRY REGULATIONS (EXODUS 22:18 TO EXODUS 23:9). The regulations that follow are mainly apodictic, direct commands made specifically by God requiring total obedience. As such they are not paralleled...

  • Peter Pett's Commentary on the Bible

    EXPANSION OF THE TEN WORDS OF THE COVENANT (EXODUS 20:22 TO EXODUS 23:33). In this section, which is composed of elements put together mainly in chiastic form (see later), Yahweh expands on the Ten W...

  • Summarized Bible Commentary

    CONTENTS: Judgments on rights of property; crimes against humanity. CHARACTERS: God, Moses. CONCLUSION: Man's attitude to his fellow man will be based on his attitude to God and His law. KEY WORD:...

  • Sutcliffe's Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

    Exodus 22:2. _Breaking up,_ by forcible entrance into a house, _there shall no blood be shed for him,_ though he be killed by another in his own defence. In that case the thief might be presumed to ha...

  • The Biblical Illustrator

    _Ye shall not afflict any widow, or fatherless child._ GOD’S CARE FOR THE WIDOW AND FATHERLESS I. That widows and orphans have claims upon our regard. 1. They have claims upon our sympathy. Their s...

  • The ESV Global Study Bible's Study Notes

    EXODUS—NOTE ON EXODUS 22:22 The Lord repeatedly forbids the mistreatment of the WIDOW and the FATHERLESS CHILD (e.g., Isaiah 1:17,...

  • The Preacher's Complete Homiletical Commentary

    _SUGGESTIVE COMMENTS ON THE VERSES_ WITCHCRAFT.—_Exodus 22:18_ The term is here used to represent the whole class of wizards, necromancers, and diviners with which the world has been infested from a...

  • The Pulpit Commentaries

    EXPOSITION MISCELLANEOUS LAWS (Exodus 22:16-2) EXODUS 22:16, EXODUS 22:17 _Laws against seduction_. It has been

  • The Pulpit Commentaries

    EXPOSITION II. LAWS CONNECTED WITH RIGHTS OF PROPERTY (verses 33-36). From the consideration of injuries to the person, the legislator proceeds to treat of injuries to property, and, as he has been sp...

  • Through The Bible C2000 Serie by Chuck Smith

    If a man shall steal an ox, and kill it, [The rustlers] and sell it; he shall restore five oxen for an ox, four sheep for a sheep (Exodus 22:1). You see in those days they were interested in taking ca...

  • Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

    Deuteronomy 10:18 Deuteronomy 24:17 Deuteronomy 27:19 Psalms 94:6...

  • Wesley's Explanatory Notes

    Ye shall not afflict the widow or fatherless child — That is, ye shall comfort and assist them, and be ready upon all occasions to shew them kindness. In making just demands from them, their condition...

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