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Commentary Critical and Explanatory

Exodus 9:12

And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and he hearkened not unto them; as the LORD had spoken unto Moses.

The Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh. This phrase occurred Exodus 4:21, and it is repeated here, as the historian is entering on a new stage in the progress of the national judgments upon Egypt, to show that miracles, however numerous and striking, had failed to convince Pharaoh: they made no impression on his mind; and it was God by whom these miracles were performed. This, in Hebrew phraseology, is described as "the Lord hardening the heart of Pharaoh."

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See also Exodus 9:12 in other biblical comments:

  • Annotated Bible by A.C. Gaebelein

    CHAPTER 9 THE FIFTH, SIXTH, AND SEVENTH PLAGUES _ 1. The fifth plague: the grievous murrain (Exodus 9:1)_ 2. The sixth plague: boils (Exodus 9:8) 3. The warning given (Exodus 9:13) 4. The seventh...

  • Arthur Peake's Commentary on the Bible

    EXODUS 9:8 P. 6°. BOILS ON MAN AND BEAST. Skin diseases are common troubles in Egypt. This may be meant for the Nile-scab, an irritating eruption, consisting of innumerable little red blisters, which...

  • Arthur Peake's Commentary on the Bible

    EXODUS 7:14 TO EXODUS 12:36. THE TEN PLAGUES. How deeply this series of events imprinted itself on the mind and heart of the nation is shown by the fulness with which the three sources report them. J...

  • Bullinger's Companion Bible Notes

    AS. according as....

  • Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

    The _sixth_plague. The boils on men and cattle. Entirely P....

  • Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

    Exodus 7:14 to Exodus 11:5 _The first nine Plagues_ The narrative of the Plagues, like that of the preceding Chapter s, is composite. The details of the analysis depend partly upon literary criteria...

  • Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

    As Exodus 7:13; Exodus 7:22 b, Exodus 8:15 b, Exodus 8:19 b) (all P). The result, as foretold in...

  • College Press Bible Study Textbook Series

    THE TEXT OF EXODUS TRANSLATION 9 Then Je-ho-vah said unto Mo-ses, Go in unto Pha-raoh, and tell him, Thus saith Je-ho-vah, the God of the Hebrews, Let my people go, that they may serve me. (2) For if...

  • Dummelow's Commentary on the Bible

    HARDENED THE HEART OF PHARAOH] see on Exodus 4:21. 13-35. The Seventh Plague:—Hail....

  • Dummelow's Commentary on the Bible

    THE FIFTH, SIXTH, AND SEVENTH PLAGUES 1-7. The Fifth Plague:—Murrain, i.e. cattle plague. Visitations of cattle plague are not uncommon in Egypt. An outbreak in 1842 carried off 40,000 oxen. The mira...

  • EasyEnglish Bible Commentaries

    EXODUS: ISRAEL BECOMES A NATION THE *ISRAELITES LEAVE EGYPT EXODUS CHAPTER S 1 TO 18 _HILDA BRIGHT AND KITTY PRIDE_ CHAPTER 9 *PLAGUE NUMBER 5: THE *EGYPTIANS’ ANIMALS BECOME ILL THE *PLAGUE TH...

  • Ellicott's Commentary On The Whole Bible

    THE LORD HARDENED THE HEART OF PHARAOH. — The judicial punitive hardening of Pharaoh’s heart by God Himself now began. As with the heathen in later times, “because they did not like to retain God in t...

  • ETCBC data on Hebrew bible

    וַ יְחַזֵּ֤ק יְהוָה֙ אֶת ־לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְ

  • Expositor's Bible Commentary (Nicoll)

    THE SIXTH PLAGUE. Exodus 9:8. At the close of the second triplet, as of the first, stands a plague without a warning, but not without the clearest connection between the blow and Him who deals it. T...

  • Frederick Brotherton Meyer's Commentary

    THE MURRAIN OF CATTLE AND THE PLAGUE OF BOILS Exodus 9:1 The plague on the cattle reminds us that the whole creation groans and travails from the effects of human sin. See Romans 8:20. But those groa...

  • G. Campbell Morgan's Exposition on the Whole Bible

    The patient method of God is manifest in that, notwithstanding the fact that Pharaoh had again broken faith, God again warned him. There being no evidence of repentance, the fifth plague fell upon the...

  • George Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary

    _Hardened, &c. See the annotations above, chap. v. 21, chap. vii. 3, and chap. viii. 15. (Challoner) --- The wicked man, when he is come into the depth of sins, condemneth: but ignominy and reproach f...

  • Hawker's Poor man's commentary

    Observe the change of expression. Upon several instances before, it is said that Pharaoh hardened his own heart: but here it is said, that the Lord hardened it. When God gives a man up to a judicial b...

  • Introductory Lectures - Commentary by William Kelly

    There is hardly a book of the Old Testament that stands out in more decided contrast with the book of Genesis than the one which follows it most closely. And this is the more striking, because God emp...

  • John Darby's Synopsis

    THE FOLLOWING COMMENTARY COVERS CHAPTER S 5 THROUGH 13. At the news of the goodness of God, the people adore Him; but the struggle against the power of evil is another matter. Satan will not let the p...

  • John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible

    AND THE LORD HARDENED THE HEART OF PHARAOH,.... He having often, and so long hardened his own heart, God gave him up to judicial hardness of heart, to his own corruptions, the temptations of Satan, an...

  • John Trapp Complete Commentary

    And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and he hearkened not unto them; as the LORD had spoken unto Moses. Ver. 12. _And the Lord hardened._] See Exodus 9:7; Exodus 4:21, &c....

  • Joseph Benson’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

    _And the Lord hardened Pharaoh's heart_ Before he had _hardened his own heart_, and resisted the grace of God; and now God justly gave him up to his own heart's lusts, to strong delusions, permitting...

  • KJV Original Language Details

    1 The murraine of beasts. 8 The plague of boyles, and blaines. 13 His message about the haile. 22 The plague of haile. 27 Pharaoh sueth to Moses, 35 but yet is hardened. 1 THEN the LORD said vnt...

  • Kretzmann's Popular Commentary of the Bible

    And the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh, He placed the curse upon him which his obduracy deserved, AND HE HEARKENED NOT UNTO THEM, AS THE LORD HAD SPOKEN UNTO MOSES. If a sinner consistently reject...

  • Kretzmann's Popular Commentary of the Bible

    THE PLAGUE OF BOILS AND BLAINS...

  • Lange's Commentary on the Holy Scriptures

    F. THE BOILS AND BLAINS Exodus 9:8-12 8And Jehovah said unto Moses and unto Aaron, Take to you handfuls of ashes of the furnace, and let Moses sprinkle it toward the heaven [toward heaven] in the sig...

  • Leslie M. Grant's Commentary on the Bible

    PLAGUE NO.5 -- LIVESTOCK DISEASED (vs.1-7) Again the Lord requires Moses to repeat his demand to Pharaoh to let the people go. This time He warns that if Pharaoh refuses, He will send a very severe p...

  • Matthew Henry Commentary on the Whole Bible

    8-12 When the Egyptians were not wrought upon by the death of their cattle, God sent a plague that seized their own bodies. If lesser judgments do not work, God will send greater. Sometimes God shows...

  • Matthew Poole's Concise Commentary On The Bible

    Ver. 12 No text from Poole on this verse....

  • Patchworkid's Personal Study Bible Notes

    Exodus 9:12 LORD H3068 hardened H2388 (H8762) heart H3820 Pharaoh H6547 heed H8085 (H8804) LORD H3068 spoken...

  • Peter Pett's Commentary on the Bible

    THE SIXTH PLAGUE - THE PLAGUE OF BOILS (EXODUS 9:8). Like the third plague in the first series this plague follows immediately after the previous one in the second series without warning. a Yahweh di...

  • Summarized Bible Commentary

    CONTENTS: Plagues of murraine, boils and hail. CHARACTERS: God, Moses, Pharaoh, Aaron. CONCLUSION: The creature is made subject to vanity by reason of man's sins, liable to serve man's wickedness or...

  • Sutcliffe's Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

    Exodus 9:6. _All the cattle of Egypt died;_ that is, all were smitten with the murrain, whose unbelieving owners did not take care to house them: so we read in the twentieth verse concerning the hail....

  • The Biblical Illustrator

    _A boil breaking forth with blains._ LESSONS 1. Upon former warnings despised, God falls suddenly, on the wicked with vengeance unawares. 2. Though God can plague His enemies without instruments, y...

  • The Preacher's Complete Homiletical Commentary

    CRITICAL NOTES.— Exodus 9:8. Furnace] “For burning lime or smelting metals, and for the preparation of glass, out of which, while it is heated, a thick smoke ascends (Genesis 19:28) and in which ashe...

  • The Pulpit Commentaries

    EXPOSITION THE SIXTH PLAGUE. The sixth plague was sent, like the third, without notice given. It was also, like the third, a plague which inflicted direct injury upon the person. There was a very sole...

  • Through The Bible C2000 Serie by Chuck Smith

    Then the Lord said unto Moses, Go in unto Pharaoh, [Now we have the sixth demand.] and tell him, Thus saith the Lord God of the Hebrews, Let my people go, that they may serve me. For if you refuse to...

  • Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

    Exodus 4:21 Exodus 7:13 Exodus 7:14 Psalms 81:11 Psalms 81:12...

  • Wesley's Explanatory Notes

    Now the Lord hardened Pharaoh's heart — Before he had hardened his own heart, and resisted the grace of God, and now God justly gave him up to his own heart's lusts, to strong delusions, permitting Sa...

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