‘But God prepared a worm when the morning rose the next day, and it smote the gourd, so that it withered.'

However, next morning a worm ‘prepared by God' chewed away at the gourd with the result that it withered and died, thus providing no more shade. Jonah now had no protection from his evil situation. The mercy of YHWH had been withdrawn. This is the first use of ‘God' on its own in relation to Jonah. This may have been because He was now not acting as his covenant God (compare ‘YHWH his God' in Jonah 2:1) but as God over nature, either in an act of chastening, or because He was now treating Jonah as a foreigner for illustrative purposes. In the latter case the withering of the gourd and the subsequent result might be being compared with the ‘evil situation' of the Assyrians (and previously the mariners) when they were without the shelter of the mercy of God.

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