ὅτι οὐρανοὶ ἧσαν κ.τ.λ. There were of old heavens and an earth, (the latter) having its being out of water (it rose out of the water over which the Spirit brooded) and διʼ ὕδατος. This difficult expression I am inclined to interpret as “between the waters,” supported on water, according to Jewish belief, and with an over-arching firmament above which were waters. Compare the use of διά to express intervals: διὰ χρόνου, διὰ πέντε σταδίων etc.

ἔκπαλαι, above, 2 Peter 2:3.

τῷ τοῦ θεοῦ λόγῳ = ῥήματι θεοῦ Hebrews 11:3.

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Old Testament