2 Timothy 4:1

διαμαρτύρομαι. The rec. text inserts οὖν ἐγώ after διαμ. with D2cKL.

Χρ. Ἰησοῦ. The rec. text has τοῦ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χρ. with D2cEKL.

κρίνειν. WH put κρῖναι in their margin on the authority of G 17 and a few other cursives; κρῖναι is the reading adopted in all the early Creeds.

καὶ. For καὶ before τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν rec. text has κατά with אcD2cEKLP and the Syriac versions; but καί א*ACD2*G 17, the Bohairic and most forms of the Latin versions. κατά is a correction of the less easy καί.

1. διαμαρτύρομαι ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ, I solemnly charge thee in the sight of God. See note on 1 Timothy 5:21, and cp. the crit. note above. The oath is fourfold: (1) God, (2) Christ, (3) His Second Coming, (4) His Kingdom.

καὶ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ μέλλοντος κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς. See the passages cited in note on 1 Timothy 5:21, and cp. the crit. note above. The clause κρῖναι ζῶντας καὶ νεκροὺς is found in all the early Creeds, which reproduce the words of this verse; compare Acts 10:42; 1 Peter 4:5. The ‘quick and the dead’ are to be understood literally (cp. 1 Thessalonians 4:16-17); refined interpretations which explain the words of spiritual life and death are quite out of place and unnecessary.

καὶ τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν αὐτοῦ, and by His appearing, “per adventum ipsius” (Vulg.). τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν and τὴν βασιλείαν in the next clauses are accusatives of adjuration (as at 1 Thessalonians 5:27); cp. Deuteronomy 4:26. Through a misunderstanding of this, the rec. text has the correction κατά for καί; see crit. note. For ἐπιφάνεια see on 1 Timothy 6:14.

καὶ τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτοῦ, and by His Kingdom, the repetition of αὐτοῦ adding emphasis and forbidding us to regard the expression as a hendiadys, ‘the manifestation of His Kingdom’ or the like.