_The next visit to Jerusalem and its result; my independence was fully recognized_ (Galatians 2:1) When did I see the Apostles next? Not till fourteen years after my last visit. I then went up to Jerusalem with so well known a worker as Barnabas for my friend, and with Titus as my attendant. (Galat... [ Continue Reading ]
10–2:21. ST PAUL’S DEFENCE OF HIMSELF 10–12. _My one object is to please God, and to serve Christ, who revealed to me the Gospel_ (Galatians 1:10) I say “now,” for my words show clearly that I care not to win over men, but God alone. I once indeed tried to please men, but that was before my convers... [ Continue Reading ]
ἜΠΕΙΤΑ (Galatians 1:18; Galatians 1:21) ΔΙᾺ ΔΕΚΑΤΕΣΣΆΡΩΝ ἘΤΩ͂Ν, “after fourteen years.” διά (which had originally the local idea of “interval between,” see A. T. Robertson, _Short Grammar of the Greek N.T._, 1908, p. 119), here marks the time between one event and the next as already passed through... [ Continue Reading ]
ἈΝΈΒΗΝ ΔῈ ΚΑΤᾺ� (Galatians 1:12 note). κατά defines the mode by which he knew he was to go up. So Ephesians 3:3; cf. κατʼ ἰδίαν _infra._ It is not stated to whom the revelation was made. St Paul mentions revelation to show that his journey to Jerusalem was not because of any doubt or difficulty that... [ Continue Reading ]
ἈΛΛʼ. So far from any hindrance to my work resulting from the interview. ΟΥ̓ΔῈ. Not even though Titus was both my companion and a Greek. Τ. Ὁ ΣῪΝ ἘΜΟῚ. Actually with me in Jerusalem, exposed to all the opposition. This would be increased by the inconvenience of having a Gentile fellow-believer wit... [ Continue Reading ]
_A parenthesis, which however illustrates the main subject, referring to an incident which marked an important stage in the history of his stay at Jerusalem_. (Galatians 2:3) Strong representations were made, by a small but energetic section of Jewish Christians, in favour of circumcision. But not e... [ Continue Reading ]
ΔΙᾺ ΔῈ κ.τ.λ. “But it was because of” R.V. marg. (_a_) This verse and the next most naturally are to be connected closely with Galatians 2:3, as explanatory of the reason why Titus was not circumcised. St Paul was going to say, But because of the nature of the arguments advanced I did not yield to t... [ Continue Reading ]
ΟἿΣ ΟΥ̓ΔῈ. Omitted by D* Irenlat (“et iterum ait Ad horam cessimus subjectioni”). Tert., Jerome and “Ambrosiaster” also mention the omission as a Latin reading, but prefer the evidence of the Greek manuscripts. 5. ΟἿΣ ΟΥ̓ΔῈ ΠΡῸΣ ὭΡΑΝ. The words exclude any such temporary (John 5:35) concession for p... [ Continue Reading ]
[ὁ] ΘΕῸΣ. The article is read by אREVELATION 17 but omitted by Text. Rec. with BCD. 6. ἀπὸ δὲ τῶν δοκούντων εἶναί τι. The Apostle now reverts to Galatians 2:2, after his parenthesis about Titus (Galatians 2:3-5). I conferred privately with those of repute, but (he was going to say) I received nothi... [ Continue Reading ]
_Main subject resumed; his relations with the Leaders_, (Galatians 2:6) But (reverting to Galatians 2:2) from those reputed to be something (I learned no new truths)—whatever their former personal relation to Christ was is of no matter to me (God Himself is impartial)—I write thus depreciatingly, fo... [ Continue Reading ]
ἈΛΛᾺ ΤΟΥ̓ΝΑΝΤΊΟΝ, 2 Corinthians 2:7; 1 Peter 3:9; 3Ma 3:22[74]. So far from adding to my knowledge of the Gospel, they (_a_) accepted my statement of my commission (Galatians 2:7) and recognized what God had wrought through me (Galatians 2:9 a); (_b_) treated me and Barnabas as in full fellowship (G... [ Continue Reading ]
Ὁ ΓᾺΡ. Justifying his assertion that he had received a commission as Peter had; God wrought for each. ἘΝΕΡΓΉΣΑΣ ΠΈΤΡΩΙ, “He that worked for Peter.” So Proverbs 31:12 (Proverbs 31:31), ἐνεργεῖ γὰρ τῳ�. With dative only in this verse in the N.T. Cf. Galatians 5:6 note. ΕἸΣ� (Acts 1:25; Romans 1:5;... [ Continue Reading ]
ἸΆΚΩΒΟΣ ΚΑῚ ΚΗΦΑ͂Σ אBCKLP vulg. syrr. Πέτρος καὶ Ἰάκωβος DG old lat. Ἰάκωβος (without κ. Κηφᾶς) A. 9. ΚΑῚ ΓΝΌΝΤΕΣ. ἰδ. the immediate impression; γν. the knowledge of reflection (Meyer). ΤῊΝ ΧΆΡΙΝ ΤῊΝ ΔΟΘΕΙ͂ΣΆΝ ΜΟΙ, i.e. to preach to the Gentiles, Ephesians 3:2; Ephesians 3:7-8 (_vide supra_ Galati... [ Continue Reading ]
ΜΌΝΟΝ (Galatians 1:23) ΤΩ͂Ν ΠΤΩΧΩ͂Ν. Position for emphasis. The poor Jewish-Christians at Jerusalem for whom in fact St Paul carried alms at least twice, once earlier than this agreement (Acts 11:29-30) and again on his last journey (1 Corinthians 16:3; 2 Corinthians 9:1 sqq.; Romans 15:26-27; Acts... [ Continue Reading ]
ΚΗΦΑ͂Σ. אABC vulg. syrpesh. Harcl. marg. Πέτρος Text. Rec. with DGKL syrHarcl. text. 11. ὍΤΕ ΔῈ ἮΛΘΕΝ ΚΗΦΑ͂Σ ΕἸΣ ἈΝΤΙΌΧΕΙΑΝ. When was this? (1) If after the Council of Jerusalem it must have been during the period mentioned in Acts 15:35, for we have no reason to think that St Barnabas and St Paul w... [ Continue Reading ]
11–14. _My independence of Cephas personally and of Barnabas_ (Galatians 2:11) Let me now show you both my independence in rebuking even Cephas and my insistence on the true character of the Gospel. Cephas once came to Antioch, and on that occasion I withstood him to his face, because he was condemn... [ Continue Reading ]
ὍΤΕ ΔῈ ἮΛΘΟΝ. ACDb.cHKL vulg. syrutr. ὅτε δὲ ἦλθεν אBD*G. Compare Orig. _c. Cels._ 11. 1 (ἐλθόντος Ἰακώβον πρὸς αὐτὸν�). But probably the -εν is due to careless assonance with the preceding and the following verbs. 12. ΠΡῸ ΤΟΥ͂ ΓᾺΡ ἘΛΘΕΙ͂Ν ΤΙΝᾺΣ�. Acts 15:24 makes it probable that ἀπὸ Ἰακ. is to be... [ Continue Reading ]
ΚΑῚ ΣΥΝΥΠΕΚΡΊΘΗΣΑΝ[77] ΑΥ̓ΤΩ͂Ι, “dissembled with him” … For such an action was contrary to their real convictions. “The idea at the root of ὑπόκρισις is not a false motive entertained, but a false impression produced” (Lightfoot). Cf. 2Ma 6:24, Eleazar says οὐ γὰρ τῆς ἡμετέρας ἡλικίας ἄξιόν ἐστιν ὑπ... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤΩ͂Ι ΚΗΦΑ͂Ι. אABC vulg. (syrpesh as everywhere). τῷ Πέτρῳ Text. Rec. with DG syrHarcl. ΚΑῚ ΟΥ̓Κ ἸΟΥΔΑΪΚΩ͂Σ. “οὐχ MSS.” W.H. margin. Perhaps here because of the aspirate near the beginning of the Semitic form of “Jew.” But the interchange of οὐκ and οὐχ is common in the LXX. (Helbing, _Grammatik der... [ Continue Reading ]
ἩΜΕΙ͂Σ, i.e. originally (_vide supra_) “You Peter and I Paul.” But perhaps as written in the epistle “I Paul and my fellow-Jewish Christians.” It is taken up in the ἡμεῖς of Galatians 2:16. ΦΎΣΕΙ (Ephesians 2:3; cf. c. Galatians 4:8 _infra_) Ἰουδαῖοι κ. οὐκ ἐξ ἐθνῶν ἁμαρτωλοί. The common Jewish view... [ Continue Reading ]
_His argument addressed to St Peter passes over into one addressed to the Galatians_ (vide infra). _The transition was the easier because the temptation to which the Galatians were exposed was identical with that to which St Peter had temporarily yielded, i.e. the belief that observance of the Law w... [ Continue Reading ]
ΔῈ is omitted by the Text. Rec. with ADc. 16. ΕἸΔΌΤΕΣ. The acquired knowledge (γνόντες, Galatians 4:9) has become so intimate a part of his elementary knowledge that St Paul can write εἰδότες (Galatians 4:8) even here. ΔῈ. See notes on Textual Criticism. It suggests the contrast to natural privil... [ Continue Reading ]
ΕἸ ΔῈ. The adversative thought is that in the process of being justified we are found to be sinners. ΖΗΤΟΥ͂ΝΤΕΣ. The effort was real and lasting. ΔΙΚΑΙΩΘΗ͂ΝΑΙ ἘΝ ΧΡΙΣΤΩ͂Ι ΕὙΡΈΘΗΜΕΝ. The tense of εὑρ. may be “timeless,” but more probably refers to the time when we first sought etc. εὑρ. is more tha... [ Continue Reading ]
ΕἸ ΓᾺΡ. γάρ, to be taken closely with μὴ γένοιτο Romans 9:14-15; Romans 11:1. It is not sinful to abandon the Law in seeking justification, and thus to find oneself on the same level as a sinful Gentile, _for_ the sin is in going back to the Law, as you Galatians are thinking of doing. Ἃ ΚΑΤΈΛΥΣΑ ΤΑ... [ Continue Reading ]
ἘΓῺ ΓᾺΡ. ἐγώ not I in contrast to St Peter (Winer-Schmiedel, see note on κατέλυσα Galatians 2:18), but I in my own experience, γάρ gives the reason for his statement that it was sinful to go back to the Law. My own experience has been that the Law was not a positive but only a negative means of bles... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤΟΥ͂ ΥἹΟΥ͂ ΤΟΥ͂ ΘΕΟΥ͂ אACDb.c etc. vulg. syrr. Marcion Clem. Alex.; τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ χριστοῦ BD*G (“hoc est in fide vivo dei et Christi,” Victorinus). 20. The first half of this verse is an expansion of the meaning of both the death and the life mentioned in Galatians 2:19. I died to the Law for I have... [ Continue Reading ]
A summary of Galatians 2:15-20, and indeed of the whole Epistle. I do not set at nought God’s grace, as you think of doing. There is no righteousness by means of the Law. If there were, Christ died and gained nothing thereby. ΟΥ̓Κ�. In St Paul’s writings, Galatians 3:15; 1 Corinthians 1:19 (a quotat... [ Continue Reading ]