Luke 9:22

πολλὰ παθεῖν. It was necessary at once to dissipate the crude Messianic conceptions of earthly splendour and victory in which they had been brought up, and to substitute the truth of a suffering for that of a triumphant Messiah.

ἀπό. ‘At the hand of,’ Luke 17:25; Winer, p. 464. The word ἀποδοκιμασθῆναι implies deliberate examination and rejection. Ἀπὸ in later Greek tends to displace ὑπό.

πρεσβυτέρων … ἀρχιερέων … γραμματέων. i.e. by each of the three great sections which formed the Jewish Sanhedrin; by all who up to that time had been looked upon as religious authorities in the nation.

ἀποκτανθῆναι. The Epic aorist ἐκτάθην becomes ἐκτάνθην in late Greek. The mode of death, and the delivery to the Gentiles, were culminating horrors which He mercifully kept back till the last journey to Jerusalem, Matthew 20:19. Hitherto He had only spoken of His death in dim and distant intimations, John 2:19; John 3:14; John 6:51. His revelation of it was progressive, as they were able to bear it. Matthew 9:15; Matthew 10:38; John 3:14; Matthew 16:4; Matthew 16:21; Matthew 17:22; Matthew 20:18; Matthew 26:2.

ἐγερθῆναι. In Luke 9:45 St Luke shews us (as events proved) how entirely they failed to attach any distinct meaning to these words, Mark 9:10.