οἵ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ ἑστήκασιν. ἑστήκασιν is in its natural place in ordinary Greek; in this Book we should expect to find it, if at all, before ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ: οἱ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ without construction would be less surprising. The phrase is probably a designation of seven Angels (commonly, perhaps correctly, called Archangels) who permanently enjoy special nearness to God: “the Angels of the Presence.” We have in Tob 12:15 an evidence of popular Jewish belief as to these Angels; St John’s vision is expressed in terms of that belief, and, it may fairly be thought, sanctions it with his prophetic authority.

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Old Testament