ἀνάγκη. “The necessity is twofold, external on account of ‘the wrath’ which the magistrate executes, internal on account of conscience towards GOD.” Giff.

διὰ τὴν συνείδησιν. Cf. Acts 23:1; Acts 24:16, ‘because of your own conscience’: because, as your paying tribute shows, you recognise them as authorities duly constituted, and therefore ministers of GOD. Hence it is a matter of conscience towards GOD; cf. 1 Peter 2:19. See Add. Note, p. 209.

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Old Testament