δοκιμὴ. (1) The process of testing, 2 Corinthians 8:2; (2) the result—the temper given to the steel, Philippians 2:22; 2 Corinthians 2:9; 2 Corinthians 9:13; 2 Corinthians 13:3 : here the latter; cf. 1 Peter 1:6 ff.; James 1:2; James 1:12. θλίψις produces in the Christian endurance or resistance, and this Christian endurance tempers character; the tempered character, as evidence of GOD’S working so far, itself produces hope; and this hope, so grounded and won, cannot disappoint him who has it.

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Old Testament