9. Israel’s rejection of the Gospel (a great grief and incessant pain to S. Paul and (Romans 9:4) a great problem in the economy of redemption), (Romans 9:6) is not due to a failure of GOD’S word, for the condition of acceptance was not a carnal descent but a spiritual, and depended upon GOD’S selec... [ Continue Reading ]
ἈΛΉΘΕΙΑΝ, Κ.Τ.Λ. Cf. 1 Timothy 2:7; 2 Corinthians 11:31; 2 Corinthians 7:14; 2 Corinthians 12:6; Galatians 1:20 : in all cases a strong assertion of his personal truthfulness, in a statement which would be challenged. Here his deep personal interest in Israel is asserted; his championship of the Gen... [ Continue Reading ]
E. Romans 9:1 to Romans 11:36. THE REJECTION OF THE GOSPEL BY ISRAEL The theme of Romans 1:16-17 has been worked out; it has been shown that the Gospel is a power of GOD unto salvation for them that believe, a power needed by Gentile and Jew alike, guaranteed on condition of faith and in response to... [ Continue Reading ]
ἈΔΙΆΛΕΙΠΤΟΣ. 2 Timothy 1:3 only. Adv. Romans 1:9 and 1 Thes. (3) only.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΗΥ̓ΧΌΜΗΝ. Cf. Acts 25:22; Galatians 4:20; Philemon 1:13. Here of an impracticable wish, ‘I could have prayed if it had been possible’; Blass, p. 207. Contrast Acts 26:29. ἈΝΆΘΕΜΑ, lit. a thing set up in a temple and so destroyed as far as use by man goes (LXX[173] Leviticus 27:28); then devoted to d... [ Continue Reading ]
ΟἽΤΙΝΕΣ. This form of the relative marks the characteristic which is the occasion of his feeling; cf. Moulton, p. 91 f.; Blass, 172; Hort, 1 Peter 2:1 f. ‘Never absolutely convertible with δς,’ M., ‘seeing that they are.’ ΕἸΣΙΝ, they still are in spite of what has happened. ἸΣΡΑΗΛΕΙ͂ΤΑΙ, the name w... [ Continue Reading ]
ΟἹ ΠΑΤΈΡΕΣ. Cf. Romans 11:28; Romans 15:8; 1 Corinthians 10:1; Hebrews 1:1; Hebrews 8:9 (qu.); Luke 11:47; John 6:49; Acts 13:32. On the Jewish insistence on the merits of the fathers cf. S. H., p. 330. The term includes the whole ancestry of Israel, not merely the Patriarchs. ἘΞ ὯΝ, with τὸ κατὰ σά... [ Continue Reading ]
ΟΥ̓Χ ΟἿΟΝ—ὍΤΙ. A unique combination: cf. Field, _ad loc_[180] He decides that οὐχ οἶον is in vulgar use a strong negative = nequaquam, ne minimum: ‘It is by no means the fact that.…’ [180] _ad loc._ ad locum ΔῈ contrasts with the implicit thought of Romans 9:4-5 : this wonderful dispensation has n... [ Continue Reading ]
6–13. The present condition of Israel has not been explicitly stated in Romans 9:1-5, but implied in S. Paul’s wish that he might have been ἀνάθεμα� for them. They are ἀνάθεμα� in spite of all their privileges: yet not all; and the fact that some have accepted the Gospel shows that the Word of GOD,... [ Continue Reading ]
ΟΥ̓Δ' ὍΤΙ Κ.Τ.Λ., nor does descent of flesh make children, in the sense of the promise, as witness Ishmael’s case; cf. John 8:33 f. ΣΠΈΡΜΑ, sc. κατὰ σάρκα.; cf. 11 ΤΈΚΝΑ, sc. ἐπαγγελίας or τοῦ θεοῦ. ἈΛΛ' ἘΝ ἸΣ. Genesis 21:12.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤΟΥ͂Τ' ἜΣΤΙΝ Κ.Τ.Λ., the principle of selection is seen at work in the choice of lines and persons for the execution of GOD’S purpose: the starting point is GOD’S promise to Abraham, including both the birth of a son and the blessing of the Gentiles. ΛΟΓΊΖΕΤΑΙ ΕἸΣ ΣΠΈΡΜΑ, are reckoned as seed, sc.... [ Continue Reading ]
ἘΠΑΓΓΕΛΊΑΣ Κ.Τ.Λ. This utterance, which was directly connected with the blessing (Genesis 28:10), is a matter of promise.... [ Continue Reading ]
ΟΥ̓ ΜΌΝΟΝ ΔΈ, Κ.Τ.Λ. The same principle is seen in the selection of one of two sons, born at one birth of one father and mother, even before birth or any act on their part.... [ Continue Reading ]
ἽΝΑ Ἡ ΚΑΤ' ἘΚΛΟΓῊΝ Κ.Τ.Λ. The purpose of GOD (the execution of His promise to bless the Gentiles) is carried out by a principle of selection, not as a matter of favour bestowed on merit but as a choice of fit instruments for attaining the end. ΠΡΌΘΕΣΙΣ, cf. Romans 8:28, here primarily of the purpose... [ Continue Reading ]
Ὁ ΜΕΊΖΩΝ Κ.Τ.Λ., Genesis 25:23, where it is the nations represented by their founders rather than or at least as much as the founders themselves that are under consideration: throughout S. Paul is speaking of GOD’S purpose as dealing with nations; cf. S. H. _ad lo_[181]. [181] _ad loc_ ad locum... [ Continue Reading ]
13. Malachi 1:2, where the words describe the several fates of Israel and Edom, the disappearance of the latter and the desolation of their land being contrasted with the wideness of GOD’S love for Israel. That is to say, history confirms the selection: Israel, with all its faults, served GOD’S purp... [ Continue Reading ]
14–33. This choice of GOD is not unjust, because it flows from His Mercy, not from man’s disposition or efforts. (17) Pharaoh himself was raised up to give an instance of GOD’S power and to make wide proclamation of His Name: GOD’S will works whether in mercy or in hardening. (19) If you ask what ro... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤΊ ΟΥ̓͂Ν ἘΡΟΥ͂ΜΕΝsometimes have ἔστω, when one side grants what the other states (_Gory_. 516 c), but it is not common. ΟΥ̓ ΚΑΤΕΒΆΡΗΣΑ ὙΜΑ͂Σ. The verb is late, and occurs nowhere else in Biblical Greek, καταβαρύνειν (Mark 14:40 and LXX.) being more common. In Mark 14:40 καταβεβαρημένοι (א) is one o... [ Continue Reading ]
20. Ὦ ἌΝΘΡΩΠΕ. Cf. Romans 2:1; ' href='520 2:3'>Rom 2:3; cf. James 2:20 only (_Romans 9 :_1 Timothy 6:11), thou that art mere man. For the idea cf. Wis 12:12. ΜΕΝΟΥ͂ΝΓΕ. Cf. Romans 10:18; Philippians 3:8 only; μενοῦν, Luke 11:28. Corrective, ‘rather than put such a question consider …,’ Blass, p. 2... [ Continue Reading ]
ΕἸΣ ΤΙΜῊΝ for honourable use, ΕἸΣ� for dishonourable use; of. 2 Tim. _l.c_[187] [187] _l.c._ locus citatus... [ Continue Reading ]
ΕἸ ΔῈ.… No apodosis follows: the current is broken by the introduction of prophetic passages Romans 9:25 f. What apodosis was intended? The thought passes from the abstract relation of Creator to created to GOD’S actual government of men, as seen in His dealings with those who oppose and those who o... [ Continue Reading ]
ἽΝΑ ΓΝΩΡΊΣΗΙ. The object of the patience of GOD is to bring home to men’s minds ‘the wealth of His glory’; cf. Romans 11:32-33. ἵνα depends on ἤνεγκεν. The patience effected this object, because the mercy was revealed in spite of the opposition of sinners, such as Pharaoh or unfaithful Israel; and w... [ Continue Reading ]
ΟὛΣ ΚΑῚ ἘΚΆΛΕΣΕΝ. The attraction of οὓς (to ἡμᾶς) marks the turn of thought from regarding the persons as instruments to regarding the instruments as persons: the personal agency of men comes out. ἩΜΑ͂Σ. Even us, or in us—or perhaps—which He actually called us to be. ΟΥ̓ ΜΌΝΟΝ Κ.Τ.Λ. Here the unde... [ Continue Reading ]
25. Hosea 2:23. The original refers to the restoration of the ten tribes, who had fallen from their privileged state. S. Paul applies this to the inclusion in the privileged state of Gentiles who had not possessed it; on the principle that, if GOD could bring back the disowned, He could call in thos... [ Continue Reading ]
The four quotations are cited to show that the prophets contemplated that the choice of the chosen people would be maintained only in a remnant, and that there would be a choice of others also. There is warrant in Scripture for both sides of his proposition; not only for GOD’S working κατ' ἐκλογήν,... [ Continue Reading ]
Hosea 1:10 describes the reunion of Israel into one nation under one head: again S. Paul extends the reference. ἘΝ ΤΩ͂Ι ΤΌΠΩΙ = Palestine in Hosea: here = the countries of the Gentiles. ΘΕΟΥ͂ ΖΩ͂ΝΤΟΣ. Cf. Acts 14:15; Westcott on Hebrews 3:12.... [ Continue Reading ]
The next two quotations justify the claim that Israel’s call survives in a remnant. Isaiah 10:22. The context speaks of a remnant saved by trust in GOD. LXX[194] is followed but slightly altered; the first phrase is from Hosea 1:10, a clear proof that the quotations were from memory (or from a cate... [ Continue Reading ]
ΛΌΓΟΝ ΓᾺΡ ΣΥΝΤΕΛΩ͂Ν Κ.Τ.Λ. Cf. Isaiah 28:22 = LXX[195] πράγματα: λόγον w. ποιήσει, ‘shall effect a reckoning upon earth, completely and briefly.’ [195] LXX. the Septuagint Version of the Old Testament... [ Continue Reading ]
Isaiah 1:9 = LX[196]. [196] LXX the Septuagint Version of the Old Testament... [ Continue Reading ]
ΤΊ ΟΥ̓͂Ν ἘΡΟΥ͂ΜΕΝ; Cf. Romans 8:31. ὍΤΙ Κ.Τ.Λ. introduces the answer to the question: but the answer is incomplete till the second subsidiary question 32 διὰ τί is answered. ΔΙΏΚΟΝΤΑ … ΚΑΤΈΛΑΒΕΝ, pursuing … overtook; cf. Philippians 3:12; Exodus 15:9; Field, _ad lo_[197]. [197] _ad loc_ ad locum... [ Continue Reading ]
What conclusion is to be drawn? The facts are plain: Gentiles have attained a state of righteousness, though they were not seeking it: Jews, who sought it, have not attained. And the reason too is plain; what faith gave the one, lack of faith lost for the other: and this again corresponds to a proph... [ Continue Reading ]
ἸΣΡΑῊΛ. The name of privilege; cf. on Romans 9:4. ΝΌΜΟΝ ΔΙΚΑΙΟΣΎΝΗΣ. A law embodying righteousness, almost = a legal righteousness; cf. Romans 2:23; Wis 2:11. ἜΦΘΑΣΕΝ did not reach; of. 2 Corinthians 10:14; Philippians 3:16. Only in 1 Thessalonians 4:15 does the idea of anticipation certainly occu... [ Continue Reading ]
ΔΙᾺ ΤΊ; Sc. οὐκ ἔφθασεν. ὍΤΙ. Sc. ἐδίωκεν. ὩΣ ἘΞ ἜΡΓΩΝ = with the idea that they could attain by starting from works. ΤΩ͂Ι ΛΊΘΩΙ ΤΟΥ͂ Π. Allusion to Isaiah 8:14, LXX[198] λίθον πρόσκομμα. The sense in Isaiah is that the Lord of Hosts will be a sanctuary for Israel if they trust in Him; they will n... [ Continue Reading ]
33. Isaiah 28:16, LXX[199] with λιθ. π. κ. π. ς. substituted for λίθον πολυτελῆ κ.τ.λ. and other slighter variations; cf. Romans 10:11; 1 Peter 2:6 (see Hort). [199] LXX. the Septuagint Version of the Old Testament In the original, the stone is the Divine King or Kingdom of Israel (in contrast with... [ Continue Reading ]