Such heartless dishonesty arouses Jehovah's indignation; and He swears by the pride of Jacob, that He will never forget any of their works, but bring them, namely, into account. The pride of Jacobmay be Jehovah Himself (cf. 1 Samuel 15:29 "the splendour of Israel," of Jehovah; and for the oath by Himself, Amos 6:8); or, as the expression is not elsewhere used of Jehovah, but denotes Israel's vain-glorious self-confidence (Amos 6:8; cf. Hosea 5:5; Hosea 7:10), it may have that sense here: Jehovah swears ironically by that which, however deeply He disapproves of it, He knows to be unalterable. The oath, as Amos 4:2; Amos 6:8, each time provoked by the spectacle of some crying moral wrong.

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