changed my wages The account given in the following passage differs from that in the preceding chapter, Genesis 30:25-31. There Jacob specified the conditions, to which Laban acceded; and then Jacob resorted to artifice, in order to improve his position. Here it is Laban that has specified the wages, and arbitrarily changed them (cf. Genesis 31:41) from time to time. But in every case, by the providence of God, not by Jacob's cleverness, the result has worked out advantageously to Jacob. In ch. 30 we had principally, probably, the narrative of J; in this chapter, that of E is predominantly employed.

ten times A phrase used to denote frequency, as in Genesis 31:41; Numbers 14:22; Nehemiah 4:12; Job 19:3, by a round number; Lat. decem vicibus. But LXX, not understanding the Hebrew word rendered "times" (mônîm), seems to have transliterated it with the rendering ἀμνῶν, "lambs" (or is this for μνῶν ?), i.e. "ten lambing seasons."

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