Isaiah 59:13

The sins referred to in Isaiah 59:12 are enumerated in a series of infinitives (cf. Isaiah 59:4), which should be construed as in apposition to the terms "sin," "iniquities," &c. employed in the general confession of Isaiah 59:12.

Rebellion and denial of Jehovah,

and turning back from after our God, etc.

It is doubtful if there is any reference here to the sin of idolatry; the charge of apostasy is perhaps rather to be understood of offences against social morality, which amounted to a renunciation of the authority of Jehovah.

The last two lines deal with sins of speech, committed against men.

revoltis literally "defection," and appears to be used in the same general sense as Deuteronomy 19:16 of declension from truth and right.

uttering from the heart The verb here is identical in form with that rendered "mutter" in Isaiah 59:3 and "mourn" in Isaiah 59:11. The vocalisation of both the verbs in this clause is anomalous, and should probably be changed (read hârô, hâgô).