wilt thou know, O vain man The term, as applied to men, is not found elsewhere in the New Testament, but is used with something of the same significance in the LXX. of Judges 9:4. The idea is primarily that of "emptiness," and the Greek adjective is almost literally the equivalent of our empty-headed, as a term of contempt. It answers clearly to the Racaof Matthew 5:22.

that faith without works is dead The MSS. vary between "dead" and the adjective rendered "idle" in Matthew 12:36; Matthew 20:3. The meaning is substantially the same. That which is without life is without the activity which is the one proof of life.

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