Joshua 13:21

all the cities = "all the other cities of the table-land, and all the kingdom of Sihon, as far as it extended over the plain."

with the princes of Midian They are also mentioned, and in the same order, in Numbers 31:8.

which were dukes of Sihon "dukys of Sion," Wyclif, from the Vulgate "duces" = vassals of Sihon, and princes. "The word stands only in the plural, and is always used, as would seem, of native, although dependent and subjugated, princes, and not of installed, ordinary officials." Gesenius. From the appellation here used, "vassals of Sihon," we may clearly infer that that king, who had taken from the Moabites the greatest part of their territory, had also made them tributary. From this subjection they were delivered by the defeat of Sihon, and then fearing that they would receive from the Israelites the same treatment as the Amorites, they immediately conspired to destroy the Israelites, and thus brought destruction upon themselves. See Keil.