signs in the sun, and in the moon, and in the stars The articles should be omitted. These signs are mainly metaphorical the eclipse of nations and the downfall of potentates though there may be literal fulfilments also. The language is that of the ancient prophets, Amos 8:9; Joel 2:30-31; Ezekiel 32:7-8, as in Revelation 6:12-14.

distress of nations Synoche,xii. 50 and 2 Corinthians 2:4.

the sea and the waves roaring The true reading is probably ἤχους and the translation, "in perplexity at the roar of the sea and surge." Comp. Psalms 46:4." In that day they shall roar against them like the roaring of the sea,"Isaiah 5:30. The raging sea is the sea of nations, Judges 1:13; Revelation 17:15.

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