by the prophet Lit. by means of, through the prophet is regarded as the instrument. In Matthew 2:17 and Matthew 3:3, some MSS. have the preposition signifying personal agency (ὑπό), instead of the instrumental preposition (διά); but the usual formula is as in Matthew 2:15, "by the Lord through the prophet."

Bethlehem of Judea To distinguish this Bethlehem from the Bethlehem in the tribe of Zebulun (Joshua 19:15).

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