backbiters Rather, evil speakers, without the special notion of speaking in the absenceof the person attacked.

haters of God The Gr., by formation and classical usage, should rather mean hateful to God; men whose character is peculiarly abhorrent to Him. Similar words or phrases were familiar at Athens to denote defiantevil; and this would well suit the two words here following.

disobedient to parents A symptom of deep moral and social disorder. Parental authority stands in the Decalogue among the great foundations of virtue and duty; and our Lord Himself is significantly said (Luke 2:51) to have been "subject" to Joseph and Mary.

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