Zephaniah 3:1

filthy and polluted As R.V., rebellious and polluted. Her "pollution" comes from bloodshed (Isaiah 1:15, "your hands are full of blood;" Ezekiel 24:9, "Woe to the bloody city"), but possibly also partly from other sins, cf. Isaiah 4:4, "the filth of the daughters of Zion." The term "polluted" is specially connected with blood, Isaiah 59:3; Lamentations 4:14.

the oppressing city The word is used by Jeremiah of the sword, Jeremiah 46:16. Cf. Isaiah 1:21, "How is the city that was faithful become an harlot! Full of justice, righteousness lodging in her but now murderers!"