1 Samuel 4:1-22
1 And the word of Samuel came to all Israel. Now Israel went out against the Philistines to battle, and pitched beside Ebenezer: and the Philistines pitched in Aphek.
2 And the Philistines put themselves in array against Israel: and when they joineda battle, Israel was smitten before the Philistines: and they slew of the army in the field about four thousand men.
3 And when the people were come into the camp, the elders of Israel said, Wherefore hath the LORD smitten us to day before the Philistines? Let us fetchb the ark of the covenant of the LORD out of Shiloh unto us, that, when it cometh among us, it may save us out of the hand of our enemies.
4 So the people sent to Shiloh, that they might bring from thence the ark of the covenant of the LORD of hosts, which dwelleth between the cherubims: and the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, were there with the ark of the covenant of God.
5 And when the ark of the covenant of the LORD came into the camp, all Israel shouted with a great shout, so that the earth rang again.
6 And when the Philistines heard the noise of the shout, they said, What meaneth the noise of this great shout in the camp of the Hebrews? And they understood that the ark of the LORD was come into the camp.
7 And the Philistines were afraid, for they said, God is come into the camp. And they said, Woe unto us! for there hath not been such a thing heretofore.c
8 Woe unto us! who shall deliver us out of the hand of these mighty Gods? these are the Gods that smote the Egyptians with all the plagues in the wilderness.
9 Be strong, and quitd yourselves like men, O ye Philistines, that ye be not servants unto the Hebrews, as they have been to you: quit yourselves like men, and fight.
10 And the Philistines fought, and Israel was smitten, and they fled every man into his tent: and there was a very great slaughter; for there fell of Israel thirty thousand footmen.
11 And the ark of God was taken; and the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, were slain.e
12 And there ran a man of Benjamin out of the army, and came to Shiloh the same day with his clothes rent, and with earth upon his head.
13 And when he came, lo, Eli sat upon a seat by the wayside watching: for his heart trembled for the ark of God. And when the man came into the city, and told it, all the city cried out.
14 And when Eli heard the noise of the crying, he said, What meaneth the noise of this tumult? And the man came in hastily, and told Eli.
15 Now Eli was ninety and eight years old; and his eyes were dim,f that he could not see.
16 And the man said unto Eli, I am he that came out of the army, and I fled to day out of the army. And he said, What is there done, my son?
17 And the messenger answered and said, Israel is fled before the Philistines, and there hath been also a great slaughter among the people, and thy two sons also, Hophni and Phinehas, are dead, and the ark of God is taken.
18 And it came to pass, when he made mention of the ark of God, that he fell from off the seat backward by the side of the gate, and his neck brake, and he died: for he was an old man, and heavy. And he had judged Israel forty years.
19 And his daughter in law, Phinehas' wife, was with child, near to be delivered:g and when she heard the tidings that the ark of God was taken, and that her father in law and her husband were dead, she bowed herself and travailed; for her pains came upon her.
20 And about the time of her death the women that stood by her said unto her, Fear not; for thou hast born a son. But she answered not, neither did she regard it.
21 And she named the child Ichabod,h saying, The glory is departed from Israel: because the ark of God was taken, and because of her father in law and her husband.
22 And she said, The glory is departed from Israel: for the ark of God is taken.
Israel’s First King
1 Samuel
Helen Pocock
Chapter 4
The *Philistines steal the *ark of God
v1 When Samuel spoke, all the *Israelites listened to him.
Now the *Israelites went out to fight against the *Philistine nation. The *Israelites had their camp at a place called Ebenezer. The *Philistines camped at the town of Aphek. v2 The *Philistines went out to have a battle with the *Israelites. As the battle spread, the *Philistines defeated the *Israelites. The *Philistines killed about 4000 *Israelites in the battle. v3 The *Israelite soldiers went back to their camp. The leaders of *Israel asked, ‘Why did the *Lord let the *Philistines defeat us today? Let us bring the *ark of the covenant here from Shiloh. We will take it into battle with us. Then God will save us from our enemies’.
v4 So the people sent men to Shiloh and they brought back the *ark of the covenant. The most powerful *Lord appears between the cherubim (*angels) on the *ark. Eli’s two sons, Hophni and Phinehas, were there with the *ark of the covenant of God. v5 The men brought the *ark of the covenant of the *Lord into the camp. The *Israelites gave a great shout of joy that made the ground shake. v6 The *Philistines heard all the shouting. They asked, ‘Why is all this shouting happening in the *Israelite camp?’
Then the *Philistines found out that the *ark of the Lord had come into the *Israelite camp. v7 They were afraid. They said, ‘A *god has come into the camp. We are in trouble. Nothing like this has happened before. v8 This will be terrible for us. No one can save us from these powerful *gods. They sent terrible troubles on the Egyptians and killed them in the desert. v9 Have courage, *Philistines. Be strong men. In the past, the *Israelites were our slaves. Now you must fight like men or we will become their slaves’.
v10 So the *Philistines fought hard and defeated them. The *Israelites ran back to their own tents. This was a great defeat for them. The *Philistines killed 30 000 *Israelite soldiers. v11 The *Philistines stole the *ark of God. Also, Hophni and Phinehas, Eli’s two sons, died.
The *Philistines were *Israel’s main enemy at this time. They lived in 5 towns near the Mediterranean Sea. The *Philistines trained their army well. They wanted to defeat the nations who lived round them. They were more skilled than these nations, especially in the way that they used iron. The *Philistines had many *gods but their main *god was Dagon. The country that we now call Palestine gets its name from the *Philistines.
The town of Aphek was only about 40 kilometres (25 miles) to the west of Shiloh. The *Israelites were afraid that the *Philistines would attack Shiloh. The *ark of God was in Shiloh. Ebenezer was probably 3 kilometres (2 miles) to the east of Aphek. The *Israelites had not trained their army very much. So it was quite easy for the *Philistines to defeat them. The *Lord allowed the *Philistines to defeat them in the first battle. The leaders of *Israel knew that the *Lord let it happen. But they did not understand why. In the past, God gave them success when they fought their enemies. But God gave the *Israelites success only when they obeyed him. The leaders had forgotten that.
The *Israelites knew that God sometimes appeared to the priests. He appeared between the cherubim on the top of the *ark. We do not know what the ‘cherubim’ looked like. Bible teachers believe that cherubim are like *angels. Exodus 25:17-22 says that they had two wings. The cherubim were gold and were on the gold lid of the *ark. The *Israelites knew that they would win the battle if God was with them. This had happened in the past (Numbers 10:33-36; Joshua 3:11-14; Joshua 6:6-20).
The *Philistines believed that their *gods lived in the *idols. So they thought that the God of *Israel lived in the *ark (verse 7). The *Philistines knew what God had done in the time of Moses, about 350 years ago. They were afraid of his power (verse 8). Then the *Philistines remembered that they had beaten the *Israelites. This happened in the book of Judges. In those days, only soldiers fought in battles. Soldiers did not fight ordinary people. When soldiers won a battle, they could rule the defeated nation. The *Philistines did not want to become slaves of the *Israelites.
The two wicked priests, Hophni and Phinehas, went to look after the *ark. The *Israelites in the camp were happy when they saw the *ark. They expected the *Lord to give them success. But people cannot make God do what they want. They did not win the battle. Verses 10-11 describe the terrible things that happened.
Eli dies
v12 That day a man from the *tribe of Benjamin ran from the battle to Shiloh. He had torn his clothes and put dust on his head. He did that to show how sad he was. v13 Eli was by the side of the road when the man arrived in Shiloh. Eli was sitting on his chair waiting for news. He was worried about the *ark of God. The man of Benjamin came into the town. He told the people what had happened. All the people cried aloud.
v14 Eli heard the people crying. He asked, ‘What is all this noise about?’ The man quickly went over to tell Eli. v15 Eli was now 98 years old and he was blind. v16 The man of Benjamin said, ‘I have come from the battle. I ran here from the battle today’. Eli asked, ‘What happened, my son?’
v17 The man who brought the news said, ‘The *Israelites ran away from the *Philistines. The *Philistines killed many of the *Israelite soldiers. Both your two sons, Hophni and Phinehas, are dead. The *Philistines took the *ark of God’.
v18 Eli was sitting next to the gate. When the man mentioned the *ark of God, Eli fell back off his chair. Eli broke his neck and died when he fell. This happened because he was old and fat. He had led the people of *Israel for 40 years.
The man who brought the message ran at least 32 kilometres (20 miles) to Shiloh. The battle was in the flat valley but Shiloh was in the mountains. So most of the way he ran up hills. ‘He had torn his clothes and put dust on his head’. *Israelite people behaved in this way when they were very, very sad. Eli was waiting for news from the battle. It was dangerous to take the *ark into the battle. God had not told them to do it. Eli was worried about the *ark of God. Everyone knew that the man of Benjamin had bad news. But Eli was blind so he could not see the man. But he heard the people crying.
Eli served God as a priest all his adult life. He knew God although his sons did not. In verse 16 Eli asked, ‘What happened, my son?’ The man was not his real son. An old man sometimes speaks this way to a young man. All the news in verse 17 was very bad. Hophni and Phinehas died on the same day. The *prophecy from God in 2:27-36 had come true. But when Eli heard about the *ark he fell and died. This shows how much he cared about the *ark. He was fat because he ate the best pieces of meat with his wicked sons (2:29).
Eli led the people of *Israel for 40 years. The word ‘led’ means ‘judged’. When people had big arguments, Eli acted as a judge. He used God’s law to decide who was right or wrong. After Joshua’s time, the *Israelites called their leaders ‘judges’. So, Eli was a leader and not just a priest. Eli and Samuel were the last two judges before *Israel had a king.
The *glory has left *Israel
v19 Phinehas had a wife. She was expecting a baby. It was nearly time for the baby to be born. She heard that *Philistines had taken away the *ark of God. She also heard that Phinehas and Eli were dead. This news made her start to give birth to her baby. But she had a very difficult time. v20 In fact she was dying. Some women helped her to give birth. Just before she died, they said, ‘Do not be afraid. You have had a son’. However, she did not answer or give them attention.
v21 She named the boy Ichabod. She said, ‘The *glory has left *Israel’. She said this because the *Philistines took the *ark of God. Also because Eli and her husband were dead. v22 She said, ‘The *glory has left *Israel because the *Philistines took the *ark of God’.
The wife of Phinehas had a shock at the bad news. She was very sad that the *Philistines stole the *ark. The birth of a son is good news. She should have been happy. But she thought more about the *ark of God than about her son. She would not talk to the women who helped her. She believed that God had gone from *Israel too. So she called her son ‘Ichabod’. His name means ‘no *glory’. The *glory of God shows that God is present. *Glory is the power and greatness of God. The wife of Phinehas died after her baby was born. Another person in Eli’s family had now died when they were young. The Bible does not tell us anything about Ichabod’s life.
The *Philistines probably ruined Shiloh after they won the battle. Also, they probably destroyed the house of the *Lord. The *ark of God never went back to Shiloh. So Shiloh was no longer an important place where people *worshipped God.
Philistines ~ the Israelites’ main enemies at that time. They lived on the west side of the country of Israel.Israelites ~ the people of Israel; the people who speak the Hebrew language.
Israel ~ the group of people that God chose. Israel is the name of all the people from the family of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. Israel is also the name of the land that God gave to the people of Israel.
Hebrew ~ the language of the Israelite people. A Hebrew is an Israelite person.
Israelites ~ the people of Israel; the people who speak the Hebrew language.
Israel ~ the group of people that God chose. Israel is the name of all the people from the family of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. Israel is also the name of the land that God gave to the people of Israel.
Hebrew ~ the language of the Israelite people. A Hebrew is an Israelite person.
Israel ~ the group of people that God chose. Israel is the name of all the people from the family of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. Israel is also the name of the land that God gave to the people of Israel.
Lord ~ the name of God in the Bible. The special name of God that he announced only to the Israelites (Genesis 3:13-15). It links God with his covenant (promise) to them.
Israelites ~ the people of Israel; the people who speak the Hebrew language.
Israel ~ the group of people that God chose. Israel is the name of all the people from the family of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. Israel is also the name of the land that God gave to the people of Israel.
Hebrew ~ the language of the Israelite people. A Hebrew is an Israelite person.
angel ~ a servant from God who brings messages from heaven; a holy being, greater than men and women, who loves God and helps God’s people.
being ~ a person or animal that is alive.
gods ~ gods with a small ‘g’ are all the false gods.
idol ~ an object that people worship instead of the real God. People make idols from wood, stone or metal. An idol was usually an image of a person, animal or object. Idols are false gods.
worship ~ to thank God and to give him honour, usually with other people. Often, people pray and sing as they worship God. To bend down to God or to a false god to show him honour.
tribe ~ a family from one man. The first Israelites were the 12 sons of Jacob. The family of each son became a tribe.
Israelites ~ the people of Israel; the people who speak the Hebrew language.
Israel ~ the group of people that God chose. Israel is the name of all the people from the family of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. Israel is also the name of the land that God gave to the people of Israel.
Hebrew ~ the language of the Israelite people. A Hebrew is an Israelite person.
prophecy ~ the words that a person speaks on God’s behalf.
glory ~ the power and greatness of God.
glory ~ the power and greatness of God.
worship ~ to thank God and to give him honour, usually with other people. Often, people pray and sing as they worship God. To bend down to God or to a false god to show him honour.