1 KINGS—NOTE ON 1 Kings 14:19 the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel. The author(s) of Kings specifically claim to have had access to written sources about the monarchic period, both for Israel and for Judah (e.g., v. 1 Kings 14:29; 1 Kings 22:45; 2 Kings 12:19; 2 Kings 20:20; 2 Kings 23:28). The reference here is to the Israelite royal record, preserved in palace archives and temple libraries along with foreign annals and inscriptions of various kinds. No copy of any of these chronicles remains today; they are not found in the Bible, and they are different from the books of 1–2 Chronicles. By the end of the second millennium B.C., literacy was widespread in and around Palestine, and writing was being employed in legal, business, literary, and religious texts.

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