ISAIAH—NOTE ON Isaiah 1:2 heavens... earth. Isaiah calls the entire universe as a faithful witness to God’s word (Deuteronomy 30:19; Psalms 50:4). Children... they. These emphatic words highlight the contrast between God’s grace and his people’s ingratitude. That is how Isaiah summarizes Israel’s history up to his time. Israel as a whole is God’s “son” (Exodus 4:22), and individual Israelites are also “sons” (see esv footnote and Deuteronomy 14:1). The privilege of being God’s children should have led to gratitude, but it did not. rebelled. See Isaiah 66:24.

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