κύνες, an archaic metaphor, coloured by the nomad's hatred of hounds; cf. Arabia Deserta, i. 337, 339 (“only the dog has no citizenship in the nomad life”. “It is the only life mishandled by the gentle Arab, who with spurns and blows cast out these profane creatures from the tent.”) Here κύνες are not merely impure pagans, but the impudently impure, possibly in the special and darker sense of “sodomites” (cf. 1 Timothy 1:10; Deuteronomy 23:19-20, collated with πόρνη and βδέλυγμα). cf. on Revelation 21:8 and Cooke's North Sem. Inscriptions, p. 68. Such loathsome practices were not uncommon in the Oriental cults.

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Old Testament