I CHARGE THEE (διαμαρτυρομα). Rather, "I testify." See 1 Thessalonians 4:6. See 1 Timothy 5:21 for this verb and appeal to God and Christ.WHO SHALL JUDGE (του μελλοντος κρινειν). "The one going or about to judge" (regular idiom with μελλω). The quick and the dead (ζωντας κα νεκρους). "Living an... [ Continue Reading ]
PREACH THE WORD (κηρυξον τον λογον). First aorist active imperative of κηρυσσω. For "the word" used absolutely, see 1 Thessalonians 1:6; Galatians 6:6.BE INSTANT IN SEASON, OUT OF SEASON (επιστηθ ευκαιρως ακαιρως). Second aorist (ingressive) active imperative of εφιστημ (intransitive use), "take... [ Continue Reading ]
A TIME WHEN (καιρος οτε). One of the ακαιρως (out of season) times.WILL NOT ENDURE (ουκ ανεξοντα). Future middle (direct) of ανεχω. "Will not hold themselves back from" (Col. 2 Timothy 3:13). Having itching ears (κνηθομενο την ακοην). Present middle (causative) participle of κνηθω, late and rar... [ Continue Reading ]
WILL TURN AWAY THEIR EARS (την ακοην αποστρεψουσιν). Future active of old verb αποστρεφω. See 1 Corinthians 12:17 for this use of ακοη. The people stopped their ears and rushed at Stephen in Acts 7:57.WILL TURN ASIDE (εκτραπησοντα). Second future passive of εκτρεπω. They prefer "myths" to "the... [ Continue Reading ]
BUT BE THOU SOBER (συ δε νηφε). Present active imperative of νηφω, for which see 1 Thessalonians 5:6; 1 Thessalonians 5:8. "Be sober in thy head."SUFFER HARDSHIP (κακοπαθησον). See 2 Timothy 2:9.DO THE WORK OF AN EVANGELIST (εργον ποιησον ευαγγελιστου). See 1 Corinthians 1:17; Ephesians 4:11... [ Continue Reading ]
I AM ALREADY BEING OFFERED (ηδη σπενδομα). Present (progressive) passive indicative of σπενδω, old verb, to pour out a libation or drink offering. In N.T. only here and Philippians 2:17. "What was then a possibility is now a certainty" (Parry). The sacrifice of Paul's life-blood has begun.OF MY D... [ Continue Reading ]
I HAVE FOUGHT THE GOOD FIGHT (τον καλον αγωνα ηγωνισμα). Perfect middle indicative of αγωνιζομα, a favourite figure with Paul (1 Corinthians 9:25; Colossians 1:29), with the cognate accusative αγωνα (Philippians 1:27; Philippians 1:30, etc.). The "fight" is the athletic contest of his struggle fo... [ Continue Reading ]
HENCEFORTH (λοιπον). Accusative case, "for the rest."THERE IS LAID UP FOR ME (αποκειτα μο). Present passive of αποκειμα, old verb, to be laid away. See Colossians 1:5 for the hope laid away. Paul's "crown of righteousness" (ο της δικαιοσυνης στεφανος, genitive of apposition, the crown that cons... [ Continue Reading ]
SHORTLY (ταχεως). In verse 2 Timothy 4:21 he more definitely says "before winter." Apparently the trial might drag on through its various stages.... [ Continue Reading ]
FORSOOK ME (με εγκατελειπεν). Imperfect (MSS. also have aorist, εγκατελιπεν) active of the old double compound verb εγκαταλειπω, for which see Romans 9:29. Clearly in contrast to verse 2 Timothy 4:9 and in the sense of 1 Timothy 6:17, wilful desertion. Only mentioned elsewhere in Colossians 4:14.... [ Continue Reading ]
ONLY LUKE IS WITH ME (Λουκας εστιν μονος μετ' εμου). Luke is with Paul now in Rome as during the first Roman imprisonment (Philemon 1:24; Colossians 4:14).TAKE MARK (Μαρκον αναλαβων). Second aorist active participle of αναλαμβανω, old verb, to pick up, as in Ephesians 6:13; Ephesians 6:16. "Pic... [ Continue Reading ]
TYCHICUS I SENT TO EPHESUS (Τυχικον απεστειλα εις Εφεσον). Perhaps Paul had sent him on before he came to Rome. He may have been still on the way to Ephesus.... [ Continue Reading ]
THE CLOKE (την φελονην). More common form φειλονη. By metathesis for φαινολη, Latin _paenula_, though which language transliterated the word into the other is not known. The meaning is also uncertain, though probably "cloke" as there are so many papyri examples in that sense (Moulton and Milligan... [ Continue Reading ]
ALEXANDER THE COPPERSMITH (Αλεξανδρος ο χαλκευς). Old word, only here in N.T., for metal-worker (copper, iron, gold, etc.). Possibly the one in 2 Timothy 1:20, but not the one in Acts 19:33 unless he afterwards became a Christian.DID ME MUCH EVIL (μο κακα ενεδειξατο). Evidently he had some pers... [ Continue Reading ]
BE THOU WARE ALSO (κα συ φυλασσου). Present middle (direct) imperative of φυλασσω, "from whom keep thyself away."WITHSTOOD (αντεστη). Second aorist active indicative of ανθιστημ, "stood against my words." See 2 Timothy 3:8; Galatians 2:11.... [ Continue Reading ]
AT MY FIRST DEFENCE (εν τη πρωτη απολογια). Original sense of "apology" as in Philippians 1:7; Philippians 1:16. Either the first stage in this trial or the previous trial and acquittal at the end of the first Roman imprisonment. Probably the first view is correct, though really there is no way t... [ Continue Reading ]
BUT THE LORD STOOD BY ME (ο δε κυριος μο παρεστη). Second aorist active of παριστημ (intransitive use), "took his stand by my side." See Romans 16:2. Clearly Jesus appeared to Paul now at this crisis and climax as he had done so many times before.STRENGTHENED ME (ενεδυναμωσεν με). "Poured power... [ Continue Reading ]
WILL DELIVER ME (ρυσετα με). Future middle. Recall the Lord's Prayer. Paul is not afraid of death. He will find his triumph in death (Philippians 1:21).UNTO HIS HEAVENLY KINGDOM (εις την βασιλειαν αυτου την επουρανιον). The future life of glory as in 1 Corinthians 15:24; 1 Corinthians 15:50. He... [ Continue Reading ]
PRISCA AND AQUILA (Πρισχαν κα Ακυλαν). Paul's friends now back in Ephesus, no longer in Rome (Romans 16:3). See 2 Timothy 1:16 for the house of Onesiphorus.... [ Continue Reading ]
ERASTUS (Εραστος). See Acts 19:22; Romans 16:23.TROPHIMUS (Τροφιμον). A native of Ephesus and with Paul in Jerusalem (Acts 20:4; Acts 21:29).AT MILETUS SICK (εν Μιλητω ασθενουντα). Present active participle of ασθενεω, to be weak. Probably on Paul's return from Crete.... [ Continue Reading ]
BEFORE WINTER (προ χειμωνος). Pathetic item if Paul was now in the Mamertine Dungeon in Rome with winter coming on and without his cloak for which he asked. How long he had been in prison this time we do not know. He may even have spent the previous winter or part of it here. Eubulus, Pudens, Lin... [ Continue Reading ]