HOLY BRETHREN (αδελφο αγιο). Only here in N.T., for αγιοις in 1 Thessalonians 5:27 only in late MSS. See Hebrews 2:11 for same idea. First time the author makes direct appeal to the readers, though first person in Hebrews 2:1.PARTAKERS (μετοχο). See Luke 5:7 for "partners" in the fishing, elsewh... [ Continue Reading ]
WHO WAS FAITHFUL (πιστον οντα). Present active participle with predicate accusative agreeing with Ιησουν, "as being faithful."THAT APPOINTED HIM (τω ποιησαντ αυτον). See 1 Samuel 12:6. Dative case of the articular participle (aorist active) of ποιεω and the reference is to God. Note πιστος as i... [ Continue Reading ]
HATH BEEN COUNTED WORTHY OF MORE GLORY THAN MOSES (πλειονος δοξης παρα Μωυσην ηξιωτα). Perfect passive indicative of αξιοω, to deem worthy, permanent situation described with definite claim of Christ's superiority to Moses. Δοξης in genitive case after ηξιωτα. For παρα after the comparative πλειο... [ Continue Reading ]
IS GOD (θεος). God is the Creator of all things and so of his "house" which his Son, Jesus Christ, founded and supervises.... [ Continue Reading ]
AND MOSES (κα Μωυσης μεν). "Now Moses indeed on his part" (μεν contrasted with δε).IN (εν). Moses was in "God's house" "as a servant" (ως θεραπων). Old word, in LXX, only here in N.T. and quoted from Numbers 12:7. Kin to the verb θεραπευω, to serve, to heal, and θεραπεια, service (Luke 9:11) an... [ Continue Reading ]
WHOSE HOUSE ARE WE (ου οικος εσμεν ημεις). We Christians (Jew and Gentile) looked at as a whole, not as a local organization.IF WE HOLD FAST (εαν κατασχωμεν). Condition of third class with εαν and second aorist (effective) active subjunctive of κατεχω. This note of contingency and doubt runs al... [ Continue Reading ]
WHEREFORE (διο). Probably this inferential conjunction (δια, ο, because of which) goes with μη σκληρυνητε (harden not) in verse Hebrews 3:8 rather than with βλεπετε (take heed) in verse Hebrews 3:12 unless the long quotation be considered a parenthesis. The long quotation in verses Hebrews 3:7-11... [ Continue Reading ]
HARDEN NOT (μη σκληρυνητε). Prohibition with μη and first aorist (ingressive) active subjunctive of σκληρυνω, late verb from σκληρος (dried up, stiff, hard) as in Acts 19:9; Romans 9:18.AS IN THE PROVOCATION (ως ην τω παραπικρασμω). Late compound from παραπικραινω, late verb to embitter (παρα, π... [ Continue Reading ]
WHEREWITH (ου). Literally, "where" (the wilderness) as in Deuteronomy 8:15.TEMPTED ME BY PROVING ME (επειρασαν εν δοκιμασια). No word for "me." The Israelites "tested" God "in putting to the proof" (only N.T. use of this word from δοκιμαζω and this from the LXX). They were not content with God'... [ Continue Reading ]
AND SAW (κα ειδον). "And yet saw."WHEREFORE (διο). Not in the LXX, but it makes clear the argument in the Psalm.I WAS DISPLEASED (προσωχθισα). First aorist active of προσοχθιζω, late compound for extreme anger and disgust. In N.T. only here and verse Hebrews 3:17.ERR (πλανωντα). Present mid... [ Continue Reading ]
AS I SWARE (ως ωμοσα). "Correlating the oath and the disobedience" (Vincent). First aorist active indicative of ομνυω, old verb for solemn oath (Hebrews 6:13).THEY SHALL NOT ENTER (ε εισελευσοντα). Future middle of εισερχομα with ε as an anacoluthon for the Hebrew _im_ (not). Really it is a con... [ Continue Reading ]
TAKE HEED (βλεπετε). Present active imperative as in Philippians 3:2 (three times) of βλεπω in place of the more usual ορατε. Solemn warning to the Jewish Christians from the experience of the Israelites as told in Hebrews 3:95.LEST HAPLY THERE SHALL BE (μη ποτε εστα). Negative purpose with μη π... [ Continue Reading ]
SO LONG AS IT IS CALLED TODAY (αχρις ου το σημερον καλειτα). The only instance in the N.T. of this conjunction (αχρ or αχρις or αχρις ου, etc.) with the present indicative in the sense of "so long as" or "while" like εως. Elsewhere it means "until" and with either the aorist indicative (Acts 7:18... [ Continue Reading ]
FOR WE ARE BECOME PARTAKERS OF CHRIST (μετοχο γαρ του Χριστου γεγοναμεν). Second perfect active of γινομα, "we have become," not the equivalent of εσμεν (are). For μετοχο see Hebrews 1:9; Hebrews 3:1; Hebrews 6:4. We have become partners with Christ and hence (γαρ, for) should not be tricked into... [ Continue Reading ]
WHILE IT IS SAID (εν τω λεγεσθα). Locative case with εν of the articular present passive infinitive of λεγω, "in the being said." Thus the author (cf. same phrase in Psalms 42:4) introduces the repeated quotation from verses Hebrews 3:7; Hebrews 3:8. Probably it is to be connected with κατασχωμεν... [ Continue Reading ]
WHO (Τινες). Clearly interrogative, not indefinite (some).DID PROVOKE (παρεπικραναν). First aorist active indicative of παραπικρινω, apparently coined by the LXX like παραπικρασμος (verse Hebrews 3:15) to which it points, exasperating the anger of God.NAY, DID NOT ALL (αλλ' ου παντες). "A fav... [ Continue Reading ]
WITH THEM THAT SINNED (τοις αμαρτησασιν). Dative masculine plural after προσωχθισεν (cf. verse Hebrews 3:10) of the articular first aorist active participle of αμαρτανω (αμαρτησας, not αμαρτων).CARCASES (κωλα). Old word for members of the body like the feet, in LXX a dead body (Numbers 14:29),... [ Continue Reading ]
THAT THEY SHOULD NOT ENTER (μη εισελευσεσθα). Negative μη (cf. ε in verse Hebrews 3:11) and the future middle infinitive in indirect discourse.TO THEM THAT WERE DISOBEDIENT (τοις απειθησασιν). Dative masculine plural of the articular first aorist active participle of απειθεω, active disobedienc... [ Continue Reading ]
AND WE SEE (κα βλεπομεν). Triumphant conclusion of the exegesis of Hebrews 3:95. "So we see.... [ Continue Reading ]