Acts 19:39. It shall be determined in a lawful assembly. The crowd of citizens he was then addressing was simply a popular gathering; their decisions could have no weight. Such a meeting would only tend to damage the city in the eyes of the Roman government. The ‘lawful assembly' (ε ̓ κκλησι ́ α ͅ) was one formally summoned. A free city like Ephesus had the right to call such a meeting together for the purpose of deliberation.

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Old Testament