Have committed fornication. The figure of a harlot committing fornication with kings and peoples occurs frequently in the prophets, representing the defection of God's Church and its attachment to others. See Isaiah 1:21; Jeremiah 2:20; Jeremiah 3:1; Jeremiah 3:6; Jeremiah 3:8; Ezekiel 16:15; Ezekiel 16:16; Ezekiel 16:28; Ezekiel 16:31; Ezekiel 16:35; Ezekiel 16:41; Ezekiel 23:5; Ezekiel 23:1; Ezekiel 23:9; Ezekiel 23:44; Hosea 2:5; Hosea 3:3; Hosea 4:1; Hosea 4:4. The word is applied to heathen cities in three places only : to Tyre, Isaiah 23:15; Isaiah 23:16; Isaiah 23:17; to Nineveh, Nahum 3:4; and here.

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Old Testament