A hundred and forty and four thousand; a definite is here put for an indefinite, but very large number, who had embraced the gospel and were made partakers of divine grace, and thus were sealed by the Holy Spirit to the day of redemption.

Of all the tribes of the children of Israel; Israel is here "the Israel of God," including all, whether Jews or Gentiles, who are Abraham's children in a spiritual sense. In the enumeration of the twelve tribes that follows, Dan is omitted, and Joseph is reckoned once in Manasses and again for Ephraim. None are secure from coming wrath, except those who are born of God, who manifest the fruits of his Spirit, and are thus distinguished as belonging to him.

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Old Testament