1 Chronicles 24:31

These likewise cast lots over against their brethren the sons of Aaron. — Rather, Just like, in the same way as their brethren, the priests. The same compound preposition (le‘ummath) recurs in 1 Chronicles 26:12; 1 Chronicles 26:16. In 2 Samuel 16:13 it has the sense of over against, or parallel with. The lots were cast, as in the case of the priests, to determine the order according to which the classes were to serve in rotation.

Their brethren the sons of Aaron. — This expression seems to indicate that the preceding list does not include all the Levites, but only those who assisted the priests in the Temple services: that is, the 24,000 of 1 Chronicles 23:4. The chronicler naturally returned to them after his account of the priestly classes. Hence, perhaps, the omission of the Gershonite houses is intentional. The narrative proceeds to treat of the Levites who were not in immediate attendance on the priesthood in 1 Chronicles 25:26

The chief of the fathers. — Rather, the chiefs of the clans.

Even the principal fathers over against their younger brethren. — Rather, clans — the chief just like his younger brother. The word “fathers” (âbôth) is a brief form of “father-houses” (bêth- âbôth). The meaning appears to be that all the Levitical houses received their position by lot, senior and junior branches alike. The order, as thus determined, is not communicated; nor is it expressly stated that the Levitical classes were twenty-four in number, but it appears highly probable, both from the data of the text, and from the analogy of the classes of the priests and the musicians (1 Chronicles 25).