Oven. The Eastern oven is of two kinds—fixed and portable. The former is found only in towns, where regular bakers are employed. Hosea 7:4. The latter is adapted to the nomad state. It consists of a large jar made of clay, about three feet high and widening toward the bottom, with a hole for the extraction of the ashes. Each household possessed such an article, Exodus 8:3; and it was only in times of extreme dearth that the same oven sufficed for several families. Leviticus 26:26. It was heated with dry twigs and grass, Matthew 6:30, and the loaves were placed both inside and outside of it.