But they shall fly upon the shoulders of the Philistines toward the west; they shall spoil them of the east together: they shall lay their hand upon Edom and Moab; and the children of Ammon shall obey them.

With united forces they shall subdue their foes ().

They shall fly - as a bird of prey ().

Upon the shoulders of the Philistines. This expresses an attack made unexpectedly on one from behind. The image is the more apt, as the Hebrew for shoulders in is used also of a maritime coast. The Philistines occupied the narrow strip of seacoast southwest of Judah. They shall make a sudden victorious descent upon their borders southwest of Judea.

They shall spoil them of the east - Hebrew, the children of the East, the Arabs, who, always hostile, are not to be reduced under regular government, but are only to be despoiled ().

They shall lay their hand upon - take possession of ().

Edom - south of Judah, from the Dead Sea to the Red Sea.

Moab - east of Jordan and the Dead Sea.

Ammon - east of Judea, north of Moab, between the Arnon and Jabbok.

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