τολμᾷ. The word is a strong one, expressive of what St Paul felt to be the grave evil of a contentious spirit in Christian men.

τις. Some particular person or persons are in St Paul’s mind. It is not an imaginary case. See 1 Corinthians 6:6. But we may observe how carefully St Paul avoids naming any one throughout the Epistle.

κρίνεσθαι. The middle has a reciprocal sense, like βουλεύεσθαι and συντίθεσθαι. See Winer, Gr. Gram. § 38.

ἀδίκων. Chrysostom remarks that whereas St Paul has this word here, he uses ἀπίστων in 1 Corinthians 6:6. Was not this in order to imply that justice was not to be expected from the heathen? See notes on ch. 1 Corinthians 1:30 and on 1 Corinthians 6:9.

καὶ οὐχὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἁγίων. Cf. Matthew 18:17, where we have a precept of Jesus Christ concerning the settlement of differences in the Christian Church.

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Old Testament