προδόται, traitors, sc. treacherous in their dealings with their fellows. Cp. Luke 6:16, where the word is used of Judas, and Acts 7:52. It is not necessary to suppose any reference to the betrayal of fellow Christians in times of persecution.

προπετεῖς, headstrong; cp. Acts 19:36.

τετυφωμένοι, besotted, a form of conceit which is often accompanied by hasty and headstrong action. see on 1 Timothy 3:6.

φιλήδονοι μᾶλλον ἢ φιλόθεοι. Both words are ἅπ. λεγ. in the N.T. and φιλόθεος does not occur in the LXX. After Wetstein few commentators have omitted to cite an interesting parallel from Philo (de Agric. § 19), φιλήδονον καὶ φιλοπαθῆ μᾶλλον ἤ φιλάρετον καὶ φιλόθεον�.

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Old Testament