ἄστοργοι, without natural affection; the adjective only occurs here and in the parallel catalogue Romans 1:31.

ἄσπονδοι, implacable. The word does not occur again in the Greek Bible (it is an interpolation in Romans 1:31), but is frequent in good authors.

διάβολοι, slanderers, or false accusers. see on 1 Timothy 3:6; 1 Timothy 3:11. The margin of the A.V. suggests here and at Titus 1:3 the rendering ‘makebates,’ i.e. ‘those who make baits or contentions.’

ἀκρατεῖς, without self-control, in the widest sense, but more particularly in regard to bodily lusts. The adjective only occurs again in the Greek Bible at Proverbs 27:20, but St Paul speaks of ἀκρασία in 1 Corinthians 7:5 and we have ἐγκρατής in Titus 1:8. The ἀκρατής is distinguished from the ἀκόλαστος or deliberate profligate, by the circumstance that he would like to do what is right but finds temptation too strong for him. He is weak and easily led, a man who might well say of himself “Video meliora proboque, deteriora sequor.”

ἀνήμεροι, fierce. The word is ἅπ. λεγ. in the N.T. and LXX.

ἀφιλάγαθοι, without love for the good. The word does not seem to occur elsewhere in Greek literature, but we have φιλάγαθος (Titus 1:8) in Wis 7:22 and in Philo.

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Old Testament