Matthew 16:23

ὕπαγε ὀπίσω μου, σατανᾶ. Peter takes the place of the tempter, and argues for the false kingdom instead of for the true (see notes ch. Matthew 4:8-10).

σκάνδαλον ἐμοῦ, i.e. a snare to allure me, as tempting me to forsake the divine plan of self-denial and sacrifice.

οὐ φρονεῖς τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ�. ‘Thou mindest not the things of God but the things of men,’ i.e. thine are not God’s thoughts but man’s thoughts. Cp. τὰ τῆς σαρκὸς φρονοῦσιν (have a carnal mind), Romans 8:5; τὰ ἄνω φρονεῖτε, Colossians 3:2. In the classics φρονεῖν is used of political partisanship: φρονεῖν τὰ Φιλίππου, or τὰ τοῦ δήμου (Dem.), ‘to be on the side of Philip or on the side of the people.’ μήτʼ ἐμοὶ παρέστιος | γένοιτο μήτʼ ἴσον φρονῶν (i.e. of the same party in the state) ὅς τάδʼ ἔρδοι, Soph. Ant. 374. Thus the expression in the text = ‘thou art not on God’s side but on man’s, and therefore a Satanas or διάβολος, an adversary of God thwarting his plan of humility’.

With the exception of the parallel passage in Mark, and Acts 28:22, φρονεῖν is confined in N.T. to St Paul’s epistles where it is frequent, especially in Romans and Philippians.