ζῆλον. In a good sense; cf. John 2:17; 2 Corinthians 7:7; 2 Corinthians 7:11; 2 Corinthians 9:2; 2 Corinthians 11:2 only.

οὐ κατ' ἐπίγνωσιν = without clear or true discernment of the will or character of GOD. “γνῶσις is the wider word and expresses knowledge in the fullest sense: ἐπίγνωσις is knowledge directed towards a particular object, perceiving, discerning, recognising; but it is not knowledge in the abstract; that is γνῶσις,” Robinson, Eph. p. 254 (see the whole discussion).

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Old Testament