Romans 10:3

ἀγνοοῦντες. The Jews and Gentiles, failed for the same reason; cf. Romans 1:18 f.; Ephesians 4:18.

τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ δικαιοσύνην = the righteousness which GOD exhibits in His own character and requires from men, contrasted with that righteousness which they tried to gain by their own efforts and methods. This is a decisive instance of the true meaning of the phrase; cf. Romans 1:17.

ὑπετάγησαν. Cf. 1 Corinthians 15:28; James 4:7; 1 Peter 5:5, for the middle sense of the passive form. The revelation of GOD’S righteousness in Christ required a surrender of preconceived ideas and habits and a submission: this the Jews did not give.