being ignorant of not knowing: the verb refers back to the "knowledge" just before mentioned.

God's righteousness His acceptance of the sinner as righteous, for Christ's sake. See on Romans 1:17.

going about seeking.

to establish Same word as Hebrews 10:9. They sought to make it good enough to stand(in the judgment). On Jewish theories of merit, see Appendix A.

have not submitted themselves Lit., and better, did not submit; perhaps with reference to the definite ideal occasion of the first appearance of the Gospel amongst them. The Gr. verb is passive in form, but may bear a middle meaning; and so probably here, as in E. V. For an illustration of this "submission" see 1 Peter 1:2, where the election of the Father and the holy influences of the Spirit lead to "obedienceand the sprinkling of the bloodof Jesus Christ." Acceptance of the one "hope set before us," that of the Cross, is an act of submission as well as of trust. Human pride and human reason both, in different ways, have to bowbefore the Crucified.

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