Titus 1:10

πολλοί. The rec. text inserts καὶ after πολλοί with D2EGKL d e f g; but it is unnecessary for the sense and must be omitted as not found in אACIP, the Syriac or the Bohairic versions.

ἐκ τῆς περιτομῆς. So אCD2*I, but the rec. text, following the remaining uncials, omits τῆς, perhaps through a reminiscence of ἐκ περιτομῆς (without the article) at Romans 4:12; Galatians 2:12; Colossians 4:11.

10. εἰσὶν γὰρ πολλοὶ�. For (in reference to the precept τοὺς�) there are many insubordinate persons, sc. among the ἀντιλέγοντες. For ἀνυπότακτος see on 1 Timothy 1:9. See the critical note.

ματαιολόγοι καὶ φρεναπάται, vain talkers and deceivers. The word ματαιολόγος does not occur again in the Greek Bible; cp. the note on ματαιολογία at 1 Timothy 1:6. In like manner φρεναπάτης is ἄπ. λεγ., but we have φρεναπατᾷν, Galatians 6:3.

μάλιστα οἱ ἐκ τῆς περιτομῆς, specially they of the circumcision, sc. the Judaizing Christians in Crete. μάλιστα shews that the heretical troublers of Titus were not all from among these Judaizers, but that it was from them that he was to expect the most serious opposition. Titus, being an uncircumcised Greek, would probably be personally unwelcome to Jews, of whom there were large numbers in Crete (see Josephus Ant. XVII. 12. 1, Philo ad Caium 36); but quite apart from that, we have seen already (Introd. p. xlviii.) that the forms of heresy contemplated in the Pastoral Epistles had their roots in Judaism, and that therefore the ἀντιλέγοντες would naturally be ἐκ τῆς περιτομῆς. See crit. note.