And Darius the Median(or the Mede, as Daniel 11:1) received the kingdom The idea of the writer appears to be that the Medes and Persians were acting in concert at the time of the capture of Babylon (Daniel 5:28); but that when the city was taken, -Darius the Mede," by a joint arrangement between the two peoples (or their rulers), -received" the kingdom, or (Daniel 9:1) -was made king," and (ch. 6) took up his residence in Babylon as his capital. Darius, though bound by the laws of the two allied peoples, the -Medes and Persians" (Daniel 6:8; Daniel 6:12; Daniel 6:15), clearly, in ch. 6, acts not as viceroy for another but as an independent king, organising his kingdom into satrapies (Daniel 6:1), otherwise both acting as king and receiving the title of -king" (Daniel 6:3; Daniel 6:7-8, &c., 25): his reign, moreover, precedes, and is distinct from, that of Cyrus (Daniel 6:28: see also Daniel 11:1-2; Daniel 11:1, as compared with Daniel 10:1; and cp. on Daniel 8:3). It is true, this representation does not agree with what is known from history, for though the Medes (see on Daniel 2:39) joined Cyrus in b.c. 549, and formed afterwards an important and influential element in the Persian empire [263], there is no trace of their exercising afterwards any independent rule; in the Inscriptions, Cyrus begins his reign in Babylon immediately after the close of that of Nabu-na'id. Contemporary monuments allow no room for a king, -Darius the Mede," between the entry of Babylon by Cyrus and the reign of Cyrus himself. The figure, it seems, must be the result of some historical confusion, perhaps (see the Introd. p. liv) a combination of Gubaru, the -governor" (peḥâh), who first entered Babylon, and took command in it, at the time of Cyrus" conquest, with (cf. Sayce, Monuments, pp. 528 30) Darius Hystaspis, father (not son) of "Ă ḥashwçrôsh = Xerxes (Daniel 9:1).

[263] Under the Persian kings, Medes are repeatedly mentioned as holding high and responsible positions (Rawl. Herod.App. to Bk. i, Essay iii, § 2). On the large amount contributed by Media to the Persian revenue see Rawl., Anc. Mon.4 ii. 428.

about threescore and two years old We do not know upon what tradition, or chronological calculation, the age assigned to -Darius the Mede" depends.

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