The _vestments_of the priests. The directions for the sanctuary are complete; and provision has next to be made for the vestments and (ch. 29) consecration of the priests who are to serve it. The directions contained in these two Chapter s are founded upon the elaborately developed dress and ceremo... [ Continue Reading ]
_And_ THOU, _bring thou near_, &c. as Exodus 27:20. _hikrib_(-bring near") has here the special, sacred sense of _present_, or, of a sacrifice, _offer_, as very often in P; cf. Exodus 29:3-4; Exodus 29:8; Exodus 29:10; Exodus 40:12; Exodus 40:14; and _DB._iii. 587 b. _and his sons with him_ the addi... [ Continue Reading ]
Sacred vestments to be made for the priests.... [ Continue Reading ]
_for glory and for beauty_ or, _and for_ DECORATION (so _v._40), for a distinctive decorated dress.... [ Continue Reading ]
_And_ THOU] the pron. is emphatic. _wise … wisdom_ of artistic cleverness or skill: cf. Exodus 31:3; Exodus 31:6; Exodus 35:10; Exodus 35:25-26; Exodus 35:31; Exodus 36:1-2; Exodus 36:4; Exodus 36:8; Jeremiah 10 [ Continue Reading ]
The vestments to be made: a POUCH (_v._15 ff.), an ephod (_v._6ff.), a robe (_v._31 ff.), a TUNIC (_v._39), a TURBAN, and a SASH (_ib._).... [ Continue Reading ]
_the gold_, &c. mentioned above in Exodus 25:3-4. 6 12 (cf. Exodus 39:2-7). The _ephod_. The -ephod" (which, to judge from Isaiah 30:22. Heb., will have signified a _closely-fitting_covering), according to the ordinary view (for another, see p. 312), was a kind of _waistcoat_, consisting of an oblon... [ Continue Reading ]
_gold_ i.e. gold thread (see Exodus 39:3). The other materials for the ephod were the same as those for the curtains (Exodus 26:1): but the ephod would be the handsomer on account of the gold thread interwoven with them. _the work of the_ DESIGNER] or _pattern-weaver_: see on Exodus 26:1.... [ Continue Reading ]
Read with Sam. LXX. and Exodus 39:4: _It shall have two shoulder_- STRAPS JOINED (to it): AT ITS TWO (top) EDGES _shall it be joined_(יחבר for וחבר). The ephod went closely round the body; and it was supported by two straps passing over the shoulders, and attached in front and behind to its _top_edg... [ Continue Reading ]
_And the_ ARTISTICALLY _woven band_(or simply, _And the_ BAND: see below) OF ITS ATTACHMENT, _which is upon it, shall be_, &c. -Artistically woven band" is in the Heb. one word, _ḥçsheb_, cognate apparently with _ḥôshçb_, -designer," _v._6. As however the entire ephod was to be of the same material,... [ Continue Reading ]
Two onyx stones, enclosed in filigree settings of gold, and each engraved with the names of six of the tribes of Israel, to be fixed on the top of the two shoulder-straps. _onyx_ see on _v._20.... [ Continue Reading ]
_according to their birth_ i.e. according to their ages; cf. Exodus 6:16. Jos. (_Ant._iii. 7. 5) says that the names of Jacob's six elder sons were on the stone upon the right shoulder, and those of his six younger ones on the stone upon the left shoulder.... [ Continue Reading ]
_the engravings of a signet_ Seal engraving of precious stones was an art practised from very remote times in both Babylonia and Egypt. _ouches_ FILIGREE SETTINGS, or, in one word, ROSETTES. (LXX. in _v._13 ἀσπιδίσκαι, -little shields"). -Ouch" (-an ouch" for -a nouch," by a mistaken division of wor... [ Continue Reading ]
The two stones, thus engraved, are to remind Jehovah of His people: cf. on _v._29. 13 30 (with _vv._15 28, cf. Exodus 39:8-21). The POUCH _of judgement_, designed to contain the Urim and Thummim (_v._30). This was a pouch, or bag, ½ a cubit (9 in.) square, made of the same richly coloured texture a... [ Continue Reading ]
_ouches_ FILIGREE SETTINGS or ROSETTES (_v._11).... [ Continue Reading ]
Two rosettes of gold to be made, with chains of gold attached to them. The object of these chains is explained in _vv._22 5: they are to attach the -breastplate" to the shoulder-straps.... [ Continue Reading ]
_put_ i.e. _fasten_.... [ Continue Reading ]
The -breastplate." The Heb. _ḥôshen_(often in the sequel, but only in the present connexion) is of uncertain etym., but there is nothing in it to suggest the idea of a -breastplate"; and as _v._30 shews, POUCH would convey a much clearer idea of what is intended. It is called the -pouch of judgement... [ Continue Reading ]
_double_ More clearly, DOUBLED, viz. so as to form a bag or pouch. a _span_ ½ a cubit, or 9 inches. A piece of material, a cubit long and ½ a cubit broad, was to be doubled over, and sewn together, so as to form a pouch ½ a cubit square.... [ Continue Reading ]
_a sardius_. Heb. _"ôdem_, -redness," LXX. σάρδιον, Vulg. _sardius_: Ezekiel 28:13; Revelation 21:20. The sardius is described by the ancients as -blood-red": it is either what we call the CORNELIAN (Kn. Di., Myres _altern._), or the opaque RED JASPER (Petrie, Myres _altern._). The _ruby_(RVm.) is i... [ Continue Reading ]
Twelve precious stones, each engraved with the name of one of the tribes of Israel, to be arranged in gold settings in four rows of three each, and fastened in front of the pouch. The identity of several of the stones mentioned is very uncertain; for philology throws little or no light upon the mean... [ Continue Reading ]
_an emerald_ Heb. _nôphek_, ἄνθραξ, _carbunculus_[a red stone, called ἄνθραξ and _carbunculus_because in the sun-light it flashes like a burning -coal," Theophr. _de Lap._18]: Ezekiel 27:16; Ezekiel 28:13. As is generally agreed, the RED GARNET, a species of carbuncle. _a sapphire_ Heb. _sappir_, σά... [ Continue Reading ]
_a jacinth_ Heb. _léshem_, λιγύριον, _ligurius_. Perhaps (Myres) the CAIRNGORM, a clear yellow stone. On the _jacinth_(cf. Revelation 21:20), which was apparently first suggested by Braun, _de vestitu sacerdd._(ed. 2, 1698), 11. xiv, Mr Myres writes, -there is no evidence that the jacinth was either... [ Continue Reading ]
_a beryl_ Heb. _tarshish_, χρυσόλιθος (Revelation 21:10), _chrysolithus_: Ezekiel 1:16; Ezekiel 10:9; Ezekiel 28:13; Song of Solomon 5:14; Daniel 10:6. The name _tarshish_apparently points to its being obtained from Tarshish (Tartessus) in Spain. The chrysolite (-gold-stone") of the later Greeks (wh... [ Continue Reading ]
Two golden chains of wreathen work to be made, and attached at one end, by rings of gold, to the two upper corners of the pouch, and at the other, to the two rosettes (_v._13 f.), in the two shoulder-straps, so that the pouch might hang down from them.... [ Continue Reading ]
How the pouch is to be kept in position on the front of the ephod.... [ Continue Reading ]
The -chains like cords" are those mentioned in _v._14, so that the verse is really superfluous.... [ Continue Reading ]
_put_ i.e. fasten, as _v._14: so _vv._24, 25, 26, 27. _the two ends_ i.e. the two upper corners.... [ Continue Reading ]
_the two_ ROSETTES] Those mentioned in _vv._13, 14.... [ Continue Reading ]
_upon the two ends_, &c. i.e. at the two _lower_corners of the pouch, on the _inner_side, towards the ephod, so that the rings were hidden from view.... [ Continue Reading ]
Two rings of gold to be attached to the inner _lower_corners of the pouch, and tied by pieces of blue lace to two other rings of gold on the lower part of the shoulder-straps, to hold the pouch close to the ephod.... [ Continue Reading ]
_underneath_, &c. LOW DOWN, IN FRONT OF IT. close to its juncture (with the shoulder-straps), ABOVE THE BAND _of the ephod_ The directions are not very clear: but the shoulder-straps seem to be continued down the front of the ephod, on its right and left sides, as far as the band (_v._8): the lower... [ Continue Reading ]
_the rings of the ephod_ Properly, the rings of the shoulder-strap of the ephod (_v._27). _a lace of blue_ i.e. of the blue (violet) dyed material mentioned in Exodus 25:4 (see the note).... [ Continue Reading ]
Aaron (i.e. the high priest), bearing the names of the tribes of Israel both (_v._12) on his shoulders (which support the weight and symbol of office, Isaiah 9:6; Isaiah 22:22), and on his heart (implying that they have a constant place in his thoughts, Deuteronomy 6:6), will thus enter the Holy pla... [ Continue Reading ]
The Urim and Thummim. These are to be put INTO _the_ POUCH _of judgement_: they are consequently something quite distinct from the jewels in front of it (_v._17), with which they have often been identified; and from the manner in which they are mentioned elsewhere (esp. 1 Samuel 14:41) there can be... [ Continue Reading ]
_robe_ Heb. _me-îl_, a long garment, worn over the tunic, and usually, it seems, open down the front, and with sleeves (see ill. in _DB._i. 625 a; and Benz. _Arch._2 76 f.), made of better material than the more ordinary _simlâh_(see on Exodus 12:34), and often worn in place of that by men of positi... [ Continue Reading ]
_a hole for the head_, &c. It was not open behind or in front: it had simply a hole at the top, and was thrown over the head in the manner of a jersey. _woven work_ THE WORK OF THE WEAVER (Exodus 36:1). In ch. 39. these words are attached not to the -binding" (_v._23), but to the robe itself (_v._2... [ Continue Reading ]
The skirt was to be adorned with a border of pomegranates (i.e. balls shaped like pomegranates), made of the richly coloured materials mentioned in Exodus 25:4; and a small golden bell was to be attached to the hem between each two of the pomegranates. The pomegranate tree was common in Palestine (c... [ Continue Reading ]
_to minister_ i.e. _in order that he may_minister. _that he die not_ for not putting it on, and so infringing one of the laws of the sanctuary: cf. _v._43, Exodus 30:21; Leviticus 8:35; Leviticus 10:7. Originally, it has been conjectured, the object of the bells was to protect the officiating prie... [ Continue Reading ]
_a plate_ Heb. _ẓiẓ_, properly, it seems, a _shining thing_(usu. a _flower_, Isaiah 40:7 _al._), i.e., here, a _burnished plate_(in this sense only Exodus 39:30; Leviticus 8:9 besides); LXX. πέταλον, a _leaf_, fig. a _thin plate of metal_. Cf. Polycrates _ap._Eus. v. 24 (a πέταλον worn by St John, a... [ Continue Reading ]
_a lace of blue_ a lace, or band, of the violet material mentioned in Exodus 25:4. This was apparently tied round the turban, somewhat -above" its lower edge (cf. Exodus 39:31), in the manner of a -diadem" (Exodus 29:6 _n._), in the proper sense of the word, something _bound round_1 [209], so that t... [ Continue Reading ]
_bear the iniquity_, &c. i.e. take upon himself the guilt of any ritual error or mistake made accidentally in offering the holy things; cf. Leviticus 22:16. Elsewhere the expression becomes equivalent to _be responsible for_(Numbers 18:1; Numbers 18:23). Cf. _LOT._p. 50, No. 20 c. _that they may be... [ Continue Reading ]
The high priest's TUNIC, TURBAN, and SASH. With _vv._39 42 compare (condensed) Exodus 39:27-29. _the coat the_ TUNIC. This was made of fine linen, the -work of the weaver" (Exodus 39:27), woven in one piece. Josephus says (_Ant._iii. 7. 2) that it reached down to the feet, fitted close to the body,... [ Continue Reading ]
The TUNICS, SASHES, and CAPS, for Aaron's -sons" (i.e. for the ordinary priests). Whether the tunics and sashes differed in any way from those of the high priest, is not stated. _headtires_ of fine linen (Exodus 39:28), doubtless a band of fine linen bound round the head (Leviticus 8:13); and, to ju... [ Continue Reading ]
An anticipation of Exodus 29:1 a, Exodus 29:5, not very exactly expressed; for the garments for Aaron and his -sons" were not in all cases the same (_v._40). The words, _and shalt anoint them_, are probably a later addition; for Exodus 29:7, like Leviticus 8:12, speaks only of Aaron himself, and not... [ Continue Reading ]
The _linen drawers_, to be worn by the priests during their ministrations in the Tent of meeting or at the altar. A dictate of reverence and modesty. The layman was forbidden to go up by steps to the altar, lest he should expose his person upon it (Exodus 20:26): for the priests, who did go up upon... [ Continue Reading ]
_the altar_ i.e. the altar of burnt-offering: cf. on Exodus 27:1. _the holy place_ i.e. _the_ SANCTUARY in general (including the court), as Exodus 36:1; Exodus 36:3-4; Exodus 36:6; not in the special sense of Exodus 26:33; for the altar of burnt-offering did not stand in the Dwelling, but in the co... [ Continue Reading ]