The nations are to put forth all their strength: the implements of peace are to be transformed into weapons of war; even the weak is to take courage, and feel himself a warrior, "as is wont to happen when martial enthusiasm seizes a whole people" (Hitz.).

Beat, &c. comp. Isaiah 2:4 (Micah 4:3), where the opposite process to that which is here commanded is instanced as a feature of the future ideal reign of peace.

spears lances (1 Kings 18:28), not the word (ḥǎnîth) used in Isaiah 2:4; Micah 4:3 (which is the ordinary one for spear), but one with Aramaic affinities, and otherwise found chiefly either in North-Israelitish writings (Judges 5:8; 1 Kings 18:28), or in late authors (1 Chronicles 12:8; 1Ch 12:24; 2 Chronicles 11:12; 2 Chronicles 14:7; 2Ch 25:5; 2 Chronicles 26:14; Nehemiah 4:7; Nehemiah 4:10; Nehemiah 4:15 [A.V. 13, 16, 21]: otherwise only Numbers 25:7; Jeremiah 46:4; Ezekiel 39:9). The word being an uncommon one, its use gives a distinctive colouring to the verse of Joel, which ought, if possible, to be preserved in a translation.

Iam strong a mighty man, a warrior: the same word which is used in Joel 3:9.

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