Titus 1:11

whose mouths must be stopped The verb is so used in classical Greek often; the -stopping" must have reference to the -convict" of Titus 1:9; Titus 1:13. Compare the use of -to muzzle" in the Gospels, e.g. Mark 4:39, -Peace, be still," and 1 Peter 2:15, where the -ignorance of foolish men" is -to be muzzled" by -well-doing."

who subvert whole houses As R.V. men who, the compound relative implying the class to which they belong, and so the conduct for which they should be silenced; hence almost, -seeing that they." Cf. 1 Timothy 1:4, -the which." Render subvert whole households. Why should the Revisers give up the Latin word -subvert," which the A.V. has rendered familiar, and which gives the metaphoricaloverthrow more clearly?

teachingthings whichthey ought not The negative used implies the general classof wrong teachings rather than any definite and specific facts or views. The effect is a lesspositive statement than if the other negative had been used; and the rendering -things which they ought not to teach and which they know they ought not" is impossible. It should be -things of a class which Ithink improper to be taught."

for filthy lucre's sake Rather, for the sake of unfair gains, see Titus 1:7. Bp Ellicott quotes a striking passage from Polybius, Hist. vi. 46. 3, with respect to the Cretan character; -and generally their character as to unfair gains and covetousness is of this kind they are the only nation in the world among whom no sort of gain is thought unfair."