NUMBERS—NOTE ON Numbers 21:9 bronze serpent. The Hebrew term translated “bronze” can also mean “copper” (see esv footnote). The redness of copper suggests atonement (see Numbers 19:1). Jesus compares his own death on the cross to the uplifted serpent (John 3:14). By the time of King Hezekiah of Judah (c. 715 B.C.), this copper serpent had become an object of worship among the Israelites (2 Kings 18:4).

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