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The ESV Global Study Bible's Study Notes

Psalms 69:21

PSALM—NOTE ON Psalms 69:21 for my thirst they gave me sour wine to drink. John 19:28 uses these words in connection with one of Jesus’ last statements on the cross (see also Matthew 27:34, Matthew 27:48; Mark 15:23, Mark 15:36; Luke 23:36). The sour wine would have been the cheap beverage that the soldiers used to satisfy their thirst. But Jesus felt forsaken by God (Mark 15:34), and his thirst must have been far more severe than anything this drink was meant for. When Jesus received it, he briefly prolonged his life (and his agony), and perhaps moistened his lips enough finally to cry out, “It is finished!” (John 19:30).

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See also Psalms 69:21 in other biblical comments:

  • Adam Clarke Bible Commentary

    Verse Psalms 69:21. _THEY GAVE ME ALSO GALL FOR MY MEAT_] Even the _food_, necessary to preserve us in their slavery, was frequently mingled with what rendered it unpleasant and disgusting, though no...

  • Albert Barnes' Bible Commentary

    THEY GAVE ME ALSO - My enemies; all persons around me. No one would show me even so much kindness as to give me food when I was hungry, or drink when I was thirsty. They utterly forsook me; they left...

  • Annotated Bible by A.C. Gaebelein

    PSALM 69-72 Psalms 69 The Suffering and Rejected Christ _ 1. Hated without a cause (Psalms 69:1)_ 2. Bearing reproach (Psalms 69:7) 3. His own prayer ...

  • Arthur Peake's Commentary on the Bible

    LXIX. A PRAYER FOR DELIVERANCE AND REVENGE. The author was a pious Jew, burning with zeal for the purity of the Temple worship (Psalms 69:9). He was a representative man, so that the reproaches of tho...

  • Bullinger's Companion Bible Notes

    THEY GAVE. Fulfilled in Matthew 27:34; Matthew 27:48; Mark 15:23; Mark 15:36;...

  • Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

    Once more he lays before God the severity of his sufferings, and the inhumanity of his enemies....

  • Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

    This verse is connected with the preceding one. Not content with merely refusing sympathy, they aggravated and embittered his sufferings, as though one were to mock a hungry man by offering him bitter...

  • Coke's Commentary on the Holy Bible

    THEY GAVE ME ALSO GALL, &C.— This was only figurative in respect of David, as it is here expressed, but it was literally true of our Saviour on the cross; and therefore what follows may as truly, and...

  • College Press Bible Study Textbook Series

    PSALMS 69 DESCRIPTIVE TITLE Pictures of Distress and Outcries for Deliverance, followed by Imprecations on Cruel Enemies, and by Promises of Praise. ANALYSIS This psalm is almost certainly Composit...

  • Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible

    _THOU HAST KNOWN MY REPROACH, AND MY SHAME, AND MY DISHONOUR: MINE ADVERSARIES ARE ALL BEFORE THEE._ -Again he appeals to God's knowledge of his reproach and suffering from his foes, as the ground on...

  • Darby's translation notes (1890)

    69:21 gall (d-5) A bitter (poisonous?) plant. see Jeremiah 8:14 ; Jeremiah 23:15 ....

  • Dummelow's Commentary on the Bible

    This whole Ps. should be compared with Psalms 22:31, 35, 38,, 40. It is the prayer of one who is in deep distress, wrongfully persecuted by enemies, and conscious that, though he is sinful, his suffer...

  • Dummelow's Commentary on the Bible

    GALL] some bitter and poisonous plant, perhaps the poppy. VINEGAR] wine become sour and undrinkable. The language is figurative, and perhaps proverbial, for cruel mockery of one in trouble. In spite o...

  • EasyEnglish Bible Commentaries

    PSALMS 42:72 _GORDON CHURCHYARD_ Words in boxes are from the Bible. Words marked with a *star are described in the word list at the end. The translated Bible text has yet to go through Advanced Che...

  • Ellicott's Commentary On The Whole Bible

    GALL. — Heb., _rôsh, i.e., head._ (Comp. _poppy heads._ See Deuteronomy 32:32.) In Hosea 10:4 it is translated _hemlock,_ but is most probably the _poppy_ (_papaver arenarium_), which grows everywhere...

  • ETCBC data on Hebrew bible

    _[Psalms 69:22]_ וַ יִּתְּנ֣וּ בְּ בָרוּתִ֣י רֹ֑אשׁ...

  • Expositor's Bible Commentary (Nicoll)

    Psalms 69:1 THE Davidic authorship of this psalm is evidently untenable, if for no other reason, yet because of the state of things presupposed in Psalms 69:35. The supposition that Jeremiah was the a...

  • Frederick Brotherton Meyer's Commentary

    “JEHOVAH HEARETH THE NEEDY” Psalms 69:18 In Psalms 69:19 the psalmist again spreads out his griefs before God. He had looked for pity, but his foes only aggravated his sufferings. Both Matthew and Jo...

  • G. Campbell Morgan's Exposition on the Whole Bible

    Perhaps in no psalm in the whole psalter is the sense of sorrow profounder or more intense than in this. The soul of the singer pours itself out in unrestrained abandonment to the overwhelming and ter...

  • Hawker's Poor man's commentary

    Reader! if you are much acquainted with the evangelists accounts of Jesus's sufferings in the garden and on the cross (and if you are not, it is much to be wished that you were) you will see how all t...

  • John Calvin's Bible Commentary

    21._And they put gall into my meat. _Here he again repeats that his enemies carry their cruelty towards him to the utmost extent in their power. He speaks metaphorically when he describes them as _min...

  • John Darby's Synopsis

    Psalms 69. The state of soul of which this most important psalm is the expression demands the utmost attention and patient inquiry. We have all along seen the remnant of Israel before us, or Christ as...

  • John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible

    THEY GAVE ME ALSO GALL FOR MY MEAT,.... Either some bitter herb mentioned with wormwood and hemlock, Deuteronomy 29:18; or the gall of some animal The Targum renders it, "the gall of the heads of ser...

  • John Trapp Complete Commentary

    They gave me also gall for my meat; and in my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink. Ver. 21. _They gave me also gall for my meat_] _Venenum vel eicutam; _ and so showed themselves miserable comforter...

  • Joseph Benson’s Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

    _They gave me gall for my meat_ Instead of affording me that pity and comfort which my condition required, they barbarously added to my affliction. These words were only metaphorically fulfilled in Da...

  • Kretzmann's Popular Commentary of the Bible

    THE MESSIAH'S VICARIOUS SUFFERING. To the chief musician, for use in the public assembly of the congregation, upon Shoshannim, to be sung to the melody "On the Lilies. " The psalm is referred to seven...

  • Kretzmann's Popular Commentary of the Bible

    They gave Me also gall for My meat, for food in the midst of His sufferings; AND IN MY THIRST THEY GAVE ME VINEGAR TO DRINK, offering Him this astringent liquid when His body was racked with the most...

  • Matthew Henry Commentary on the Whole Bible

    13-21 Whatever deep waters of affliction or temptation we sink into, whatever floods of trouble or ungodly men seem ready to overwhelm us, let us persevere in prayer to our Lord to save us. The token...

  • Matthew Poole's Concise Commentary On The Bible

    GALL, or _poison_, or _bitter herbs_, HOSEA 10:4. See DEUTERONOMY 29:18 JEREMIAH 9:15 LAMENTATIONS 3:19. Ins

  • Patchworkid's Personal Study Bible Notes

    Psalms 69:21 gave H5414 (H8799) gall H7219 food H1267 thirst H6772 vinegar H2558 drink H8248 (H8686)...

  • Spurgeon's Bible Commentary

    We shall read together at this time a part of the 69 th Psalm, and afterwards two passages in the New Testament. Although there is no doubt that this Psalm is intended to describe a very large class o...

  • Summarized Bible Commentary

    CONTENTS: David complains of great distress and begs God to succor him. CHARACTERS: God, David. CONCLUSION: When the waters of affliction rise about us, the only course is to commit the keeping of o...

  • Sutcliffe's Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

    The Chaldee paraphrase ascribes this psalm to David, and with great care regards it as highly prophetic of the Messiah. St. Paul therefore knew the high authority he had, in quoting it against the Jew...

  • The Biblical Illustrator

    _But as for me, my prayer is unto Thee, O Lord, in an acceptable time._ THE COMPASSIONABLE, COMMENDABLE, AND CENSURABLE I. The compassionable. The representation which the author here gives of his s...

  • The Preacher's Complete Homiletical Commentary

    INTRODUCTION _Superscription_.—“To the chief musician upon Shoshannim, a Psalm of David.” “_To the chief musician_.” See the introduction to Psalms 57. “_Upon Shoshannim_. See the introduction to Psa...

  • The Pulpit Commentaries

    EXPOSITION THIS is the cry of one suffering severely from men, partly on account of his own sins (Psalms 69:5), but mainly for the sake of God (Psalms 69:7). It is said to be "written in the style of...

  • Through The Bible C2000 Serie by Chuck Smith

    The sixty-ninth psalm is a Messianic psalm. That is, it is a psalm of prophecy concerning Jesus Christ. And there are many scriptures within the psalm here that make reference to Jesus Christ. Save me...

  • Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

    Jeremiah 23:15; Jeremiah 8:14; Jeremiah 9:15; John 19:29; John 19:30;

  • Wells of Living Water Commentary

    THE PSALM OF THE TRESPASS OFFERING Psalms 69:1 INTRODUCTORY WORDS The 69th Psalm, which we are to study today, is one of those great Calvary Psalms which stir our souls. Like other Psalms there are...

  • Wesley's Explanatory Notes

    Gall — Instead of giving me that comfort which my condition required, they added to my afflictions. Vinegar — These things were metaphorically fulfilled in David, but properly in Christ, the descripti...

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