COME NOW, YE RICH (αγε νυν ο πλουσιο). Exclamatory interjection as in James 4:13. Direct address to the rich as a class as in 1 Timothy 6:17. Apparently here James has in mind the rich as a class, whether believer, as in James 1:10, or unbeliever, as in James 2:1; James 2:6. The plea here is not d... [ Continue Reading ]
RICHES (ο πλουτος). Masculine singular, but occasionally neuter το πλουτος in nominative and accusative (2 Corinthians 8:2). Apparently πλεοτος fulness (from πλεος full, πιμπλημ to fill). "Wealth."ARE CORRUPTED (σεσηπεν). Second perfect active indicative of σηπω (root σαπ as in σαπρος, rotten),... [ Continue Reading ]
ARE RUSTED (κατιωτα). Perfect passive indicative (singular for χρυσος and αργυρος are grouped as one) of κατιοω, late verb (from ιος, rust) with perfective sense of κατα, to rust through (down to the bottom), found only here, Sir. 12:11, Epictetus (_Diss_. 4, 6, 14).RUST (ιος). Poison in James... [ Continue Reading ]
THE HIRE (ο μισθος). Old word for wages (Matthew 20:8).LABOURERS (εργατων). Any one who works (εργαζομα), especially agricultural workers (Matthew 9:37).WHO MOWED (των αμησαντων). Genitive plural of the articular first aorist active participle of αμαω (from αμα, together), old verb, to gather... [ Continue Reading ]
YE HAVE LIVED DELICATELY (ετρυφησατε). First aorist (constative, summary) active indicative of τρυφαω, old verb from τρυφη (luxurious living as in Luke 7:25, from θρυπτω, to break down, to enervate), to lead a soft life, only here in N.T.TAKEN YOUR PLEASURE (εσπαταλησατε). First aorist (constat... [ Continue Reading ]
YE HAVE CONDEMNED (κατεδικασατε). First aorist active indicative of καταδικαζω, old verb (from καταδικη, condemnation, Acts 25:15). The rich controlled the courts of justice.YE HAVE KILLED THE RIGHTEOUS ONE (εφονευσατε τον δικαιον). First aorist active indicative of φονευω (James 2:11; James 4:2... [ Continue Reading ]
BE PATIENT THEREFORE (μακροθυμησατε ουν). A direct corollary (ουν, therefore) from the coming judgment on the wicked rich (James 5:1-6). First aorist (constative) active imperative of μακροθυμεω, late compound (Plutarch, LXX) from μακροθυμος (μακροσ, θυμος, of long spirit, not losing heart), as in... [ Continue Reading ]
YE ALSO (κα υμεις). As well as the farmers.STABLISH (στηριξατε). First aorist active imperative of στηριζω, old verb, (from στηριγξ, a support) to make stable, as in Luke 22:32; 1 Thessalonians 3:13.IS AT HAND (ηγγικεν). Present perfect active indicative of εγγιζω, common verb, to draw near (f... [ Continue Reading ]
MURMUR NOT (μη στεναζετε). Prohibition with μη and the present active imperative of στεναζω, old verb, to groan. "Stop groaning against one another," as some were already doing in view of their troubles. In view of the hope of the Second Coming lift up your heads.THAT YE BE NOT JUDGED (ινα μη κ... [ Continue Reading ]
FOR AN EXAMPLE (υποδειγμα). Late word for the old παραδειγμα, from υποδεικνυμ, to copy under, to teach (Luke 6:47), here for copy to be imitated as in John 13:15, as a warning (Hebrews 4:11). Here predicate accusative with τους προφητας (the prophets) as the direct object of λαβετε (second aorist... [ Continue Reading ]
WE CALL BLESSED (μακαριζομεν). Old word (present active indicative of μακαριζω), from μακαριος (happy), in N.T. only here and Luke 1:48. "We felicitate." As in James 1:3; James 1:12; Daniel 12:12.YE HAVE HEARD (ηκουσατε). First aorist (constative) active indicative of ακουω. As in Matthew 5:21;... [ Continue Reading ]
ABOVE ALL THINGS (προ παντων). No connection with what immediately precedes. Probably an allusion to the words of Jesus (Matthew 5:34-37). It is not out of place here. See the same phrase in 1 Peter 4:8. Robinson (_Ephesians_, p. 279) cites like examples from the papyri at the close of letters. H... [ Continue Reading ]
IS ANY SUFFERING? (κακοπαθε τισ;). See verse James 5:10 for κακοπαθια. The verb in N.T. occurs only here and in 2 Timothy 2:3; 2 Timothy 2:9; 2 Timothy 4:5. The lively interrogative is common in the diatribe and suits the style of James.AMONG YOU (εν υμιν). As in James 3:13.LET HIM PRAY (προσ... [ Continue Reading ]
IS ANY AMONG YOU SICK? (ασθενε τις εν υμιν;). Present active indicative of ασθενεω, old verb, to be weak (without strength), often in N.T. (Matthew 10:8).LET HIM CALL FOR (προσκαλεσασθω). First aorist (ingressive) middle imperative of προσκαλεω. Note change of tense (aorist) and middle (indirect... [ Continue Reading ]
THE PRAYER OF FAITH (η ευχη της πιστεως). Cf. James 1:6 for prayer marked by faith.SHALL SAVE (σωσε). Future active of σωζω, to make well. As in Matthew 9:21; Mark 6:56. No reference here to salvation of the soul. The medicine does not heal the sick, but it helps nature (God) do it. The doctor... [ Continue Reading ]
CONFESS THEREFORE YOUR SINS ONE TO ANOTHER (εξομολογεισθε ουν αλληλοις τας αμαρτιας). Present middle (indirect) of εξομολογεω. Confession of sin to God is already assumed. But public confession of certain sins to one another in the meetings is greatly helpful in many ways. This is not confessing... [ Continue Reading ]
OF LIKE PASSIONS WITH US (ομοιοπαθης ημιν). Associative-instrumental case ημιν as with ομοιος. This old compound adjective (ομοιοσ, πασχω), suffering the like with another, in N.T. only here and Acts 14:15.HE PRAYED FERVENTLY (προσευχη προσηυξατο). First aorist middle indicative of προσευχομα an... [ Continue Reading ]
GAVE RAIN (υετον εδωκεν). This idiom is in the LXX of God as here of heaven (1 Samuel 12:17; 1 Kings 18:1) and also in Acts 14:17 instead of εβρεξεν of verse James 5:17. Hυετον is old word for rain (from υω, to rain), genuine here, but not in verse James 5:7.BROUGHT FORTH (εβλαστησεν). First ao... [ Continue Reading ]
IF ANY ONE AMONG YOU DO ERR (εαν τις εν υμιν πλανηθη). Third-class condition (supposed case) with εαν and the first aorist passive subjunctive of πλαναω, old verb, to go astray, to wander (Matthew 18:12), figuratively (Hebrews 5:2).FROM THE TRUTH (απο της αληθειας). For truth see James 1:18; Jam... [ Continue Reading ]
LET HIM KNOW (γινωσκετω). Present active imperative third person singular of γινωσκω, but Westcott and Hort read γινωσκετε (know ye) after B. In either case it is the conclusion of the condition in verse James 5:19.HE WHICH CONVERTETH (ο επιστρεψας). First aorist active articular participle of... [ Continue Reading ]