NOW BEFORE THE FEAST OF THE PASSOVER (προ δε της εορτης του πασχα). Just before, John means, not twenty-four hours before, that is our Thursday evening (beginning of 15th of Nisan, sunset to sunset Jewish day), since Jesus was crucified on Friday 15th of Nisan. Hence Jesus ate the regular passover... [ Continue Reading ]
DURING SUPPER (δειπνου γινομενου). Correct text, present middle participle of γινομα (not γενομενου, second aorist middle participle, "being ended") genitive absolute. Verse John 13:4 shows plainly that the meal was still going on.THE DEVIL HAVING ALREADY PUT (του διαβολου ηδη βεβληκοτος). Anoth... [ Continue Reading ]
KNOWING (ειδως). Repeated from verse John 13:1, accenting the full consciousness of Jesus.HAD GIVEN (εδωκεν). So Aleph B L W, aorist active instead of δεδωκεν (perfect active) of διδωμ. Cf. John 3:31 for a similar statement with εν instead of εις. See Matthew 11:27 (Luke 10:22) and John 28:18 f... [ Continue Reading ]
RISETH FROM SUPPER (εγειρετα εκ του δειπνου). Vivid dramatic present middle indicative of εγειρω. From the couch on which he was reclining.LAYETH ASIDE (τιθησιν). Same dramatic present active of τιθημ.HIS GARMENTS (τα ιματια). The outer robe ταλλιθ (ιματιον) and with only the tunic (χιτων) on... [ Continue Reading ]
POURETH (βαλλε). Vivid present again. Literally, "putteth" (as in verse John 13:2, βαλλω).INTO THE BASIN (εις τον νιπτηρα). From verb νιπτω (later form of νιζω in this same verse and below) to wash, found only here and in quotations of this passage. Note the article, "the basin" in the room.BEG... [ Continue Reading ]
SO HE COMETH (ερχετα ουν). Transitional use of ουν and dramatic present again (ερχετα).LORD, DOST THOU WASH MY FEET? (Κυριε, συ μου νιπτεις τους ποδασ;). Emphatic contrast in position of συ μου (away from ποδας), "Dost thou my feet wash?" "Peter, we may suppose, drew his feet up, as he spoke, i... [ Continue Reading ]
I... THOU (εγω... συ). Jesus repeats the pronouns used by Peter in similar contrast.NOT NOW (ουκ αρτ). Just now αρτ means (John 9:19; John 9:25). Used again by Jesus (verse John 13:33) and Peter (verse John 13:37).BUT THOU SHALT UNDERSTAND HEREAFTER (γνωση δε μετα ταυτα). Future middle of γιν... [ Continue Reading ]
THOU SHALT NEVER WASH MY FEET (ου μη νιψηις μου τους ποδας εις τον αιωνα). Strong double negative ου μη with first aorist active subjunctive of νιπτω with εις τον αιωνα (for ever) added and μου (my) made emphatic by position. Peter's sudden humility should settle the issue, he felt.IF I WASH THEE... [ Continue Reading ]
NOT MY FEET ONLY, BUT ALSO MY HANDS AND MY HEAD (μη τους ποδας μου μονον αλλα κα τας χειρας κα την κεφαλην). Nouns in the accusative case object of νιψον understood. Peter's characteristic impulsiveness that does not really understand the Master's act. "A moment ago he told his Master He was doin... [ Continue Reading ]
HE THAT IS BATHED (ο λελουμενος). Perfect passive articular participle of λουω, to bathe the whole body (Acts 9:37).SAVE TO WASH HIS FEET (ε μη τους ποδας νιψασθα). Aleph and some old Latin MSS. have only νιψασθα, but the other words are genuine and are really involved by the use of νιψασθα (fi... [ Continue Reading ]
FOR HE KNEW HIM THAT SHOULD BETRAY HIM (ηιδε γαρ τον παραδιδοντα αυτον). Past perfect ηιδε used as imperfect. Jesus had known for a year at least (John 6:64; John 6:70) and yet he treated Judas with his usual courtesy. The articular present participle of παραδιδωμ, "the betraying one," for Judas... [ Continue Reading ]
SAT DOWN AGAIN (ανεπεσεν παλιν). Second aorist active indicative of αναπιπτω, old compound verb to fall back, to lie down, to recline. Παλιν (again) can be taken either with ανεπεσεν, as here, or with ειπεν (he said again).KNOW YE WHAT I HAVE DONE TO YOU? (γινωσκετε τ πεποιηκα υμιν;). "Do ye un... [ Continue Reading ]
YE (υμεις). Emphatic.CALL ME (φωνειτε με). "Address me." Φωνεω regular for addressing one with his title (John 1:48).MASTER (Hο διδασκαλος). Nominative form (not in apposition with με accusative after φωνειτε), but really vocative in address with the article (called titular nominative sometim... [ Continue Reading ]
IF I THEN (ε ουν εγω). Argumentative sense of ουν (therefore). Condition of first class, assumed to be true, with first aorist active indicative of νιπτω, "If I, being what I am, washed your feet" (as I did).YE ALSO OUGHT (κα υμεις οφειλετε). The obligation rests on you _a fortiori_. Present ac... [ Continue Reading ]
AN EXAMPLE (υποδειγμα). For the old παραδειγμα (not in N.T.), from υποδεικνυμ, to show under the eyes as an illustration or warning (Matthew 3:7), common in the papyri for illustration, example, warning, here only in John, but in James 5:10; 2 Peter 2:6; Hebrews 4:11; Hebrews 8:5; Hebrews 9:26. Pe... [ Continue Reading ]
IS NOT GREATER (ουκ εστιν μειζων). Comparative adjective of μεγας (greater) followed by the ablative case κυριου (contrast between slave, lord) and του πεμψαντος (articular participle of πεμπω, to send, with contrast with apostle, "one sent" (αποστολος) from αποστελλω). Jesus here enforces the di... [ Continue Reading ]
IF YE KNOW (ε οιδατε). Condition of first class assumed as true, ε and present (οιδατε used as present) active indicative.IF YE DO (εαν ποιητε). Third-class condition, εαν and present active subjunctive, assumed as possible, "if ye keep on doing." Both conditions with the one conclusion coming... [ Continue Reading ]
NOT OF YOU ALL (ου περ παντων). As in verse John 13:11, he here refers to Judas whose treachery is no surprise to Jesus (John 6:64; John 6:70).WHOM I HAVE CHOSEN (τινας εξελεξαμην). Indirect question, unless τινας is here used as a relative like ους. The first aorist middle indicative of εκλεγω... [ Continue Reading ]
FROM HENCEFORTH (απ' αρτ). "From now on," as in John 14:7; Matthew 23:39; Revelation 14:13.BEFORE IT COME TO PASS (προ του γενεσθα). Προ with ablative of the articular second aorist middle infinitive γινομα (before the coming to pass).WHEN IT IS COME TO PASS (οταν γενητα). Indefinite relative... [ Continue Reading ]
WHOMSOEVER I SEND (αν τινα πεμψω). More precisely, "If I send any one" (third-class condition, αν=εαν and τινα, indefinite pronoun accusative case, object of πεμψω, first aorist active subjunctive of πεμπω, to send). This use of ε τις or εαν τις (if any one) is very much like the indefinite relat... [ Continue Reading ]
HE WAS TROUBLED IN THE SPIRIT (εταραχθη το πνευματ). First aorist passive indicative of ταρασσω and the locative case of πνευμα. See already John 11:33; John 12:27 for this use of ταρασσω for the agitation of Christ's spirit. In John 14:1; John 14:27 it is used of the disciples. Jesus was one wit... [ Continue Reading ]
LOOKED ONE ON ANOTHER (εβλεπον εις αλληλους). Inchoative imperfect of βλεπω, "began to glance at one another in bewilderment (doubting, απορουμενο, present passive participle of απορεω, to be at a loss, to lose one's way, α privative and πορος, way). They recalled their strife about precedence an... [ Continue Reading ]
WAS AT THE TABLE RECLINING IN JESUS' BOSOM (ην ανακειμενος εν τω κολπω του Ιησου). No word for "table" in the text. Periphrastic imperfect of ανακειμα, to lie back, to recline. Κολπος usual word for bosom (John 1:18).WHOM JESUS LOVED (ον ηγαπα Ιησους). Imperfect active of αγαπαω, John's descript... [ Continue Reading ]
BECKONETH (νευε). Old verb to nod, in N.T. only here and Acts 24:10. They were all looking in surprise at each other.TELL US WHO IT IS OF WHOM HE SPEAKETH (ειπε τις εστιν περ ου λεγε). Second aorist active imperative with indirect question (τις) and relative clause (περ ου). Peter was cautious,... [ Continue Reading ]
HE (εκεινος). "That one" (John).LEANING BACK (αναπεσων). Second aorist active participle of αναπιπτω, to fall back.AS HE WAS (ουτως). "Thus." It was easily done.... [ Continue Reading ]
HE (εκεινος). Emphatic pronoun again.FOR WHOM I SHALL DIP THE SOP (ω εγω βαψω το ψωμιον). Dative case of the relative (ω) and future active of βαπτω, to dip (Luke 16:24). Ψωμιον is a diminutive of ψωμος, a morsel, a common _Koine_ word (in the papyri often), in N.T. only in this passage. It was... [ Continue Reading ]
THEN ENTERED SATAN INTO HIM (τοτε εισηλθεν εις εκεινον ο Σατανας). The only time the word Satan occurs in the Gospel. As he had done before (John 13:2; Luke 22:3) until Christ considered him a devil (John 6:70). This is the natural outcome of one who plays with the devil.THAT THOU DOEST, DO QUICK... [ Continue Reading ]
NO ONE KNEW (ουδεις εγνω). Second aorist active indicative of γινωσκω. The disciples had not yet perceived the treacherous heart of Judas.... [ Continue Reading ]
SOME THOUGHT (τινες εδοκουν). Imperfect active of δοκεω. Mere inference in their ignorance.THE BAG (το γλωσσοκομον). See on John 12:6 for this word.WHAT THINGS WE HAVE NEED OF (ων χρειαν εχομεν). Antecedent (ταυτα) of the relative (ον) not expressed.FOR THE FEAST (εις την εορτην). The feast... [ Continue Reading ]
HAVING RECEIVED THE SOP (λαβων το ψωμιον). Second aorist active participle of λαμβανω. Judas knew what Jesus meant, however ignorant the disciples. So he acted "straightway" (ευθυς).AND IT WAS NIGHT (ην δε νυξ). Darkness falls suddenly in the orient. Out into the terror and the mystery of this... [ Continue Reading ]
NOW (νυν). Now at last, the crisis has come with a sense of deliverance from the presence of Judas and of surrender to the Father's will (Westcott).IS GLORIFIED (εδοξασθη). First aorist passive of δοξαζω, consummation of glory in death both for the Son and the Father. For this verb in this sens... [ Continue Reading ]
IN HIMSELF (εν αυτω). Reflexive pronoun. God is the source of the glory (John 17:5) and is the glory succeeding the Cross (the glory with the Father in heaven).AND STRAIGHTWAY (κα ευθυς). No postponement now. First and quickly the Cross, then the Ascension.... [ Continue Reading ]
LITTLE CHILDREN (τεκνια). Diminutive of τεκνα and affectionate address as Jesus turns to the effect of his going on these disciples. Only here in this Gospel, but common in I John (1 John 2:1, etc.), and nowhere else in N.T.YET A LITTLE WHILE (ετ μικρον). Accusative of extent of time. See also... [ Continue Reading ]
NEW (καινην). First, in contrast with the old (αρχαιος, παλαιος), the very adjective used in 1 John 2:7) of the "commandment" (εντολην) at once called old (παλαια). They had had it a long time, but the practice of it was new. Jesus does not hesitate, like the Father, to give commandments (John 15... [ Continue Reading ]
BY THIS (εν τουτω). Locative case with εν, "In this way," viz., "if ye have love" (εαν αγαπην εχητε), condition of third class (in apposition with εν τουτω) with εαν and present active subjunctive of εχω ("keep on having love"). See John 17:23 where Jesus prays for mutual love among the disciples... [ Continue Reading ]
WHITHER GOEST THOU? (που υπαγεισ;). Peter is puzzled just as the Pharisees were twice (John 7:35; John 8:21).... [ Continue Reading ]
"WHY CAN I NOT FOLLOW THEE EVEN NOW?" (δια τ ου δυναμα σο ακολουθειν αρτι;). The use of αρτ (right now, this minute) instead of νυν (at this time, verse John 13:36) illustrates the impatience of Peter.I WILL LAY DOWN MY LIFE FOR THEE (τεν ψυχην μου υπερ σου θησω). Future active indicative of τι... [ Continue Reading ]
WILT THOU LAY DOWN? (θησεισ;). Jesus picks up Peter's very words and challenges his boasted loyalty. See such repetition in John 16:16; John 16:31; John 21:17.SHALL NOT CROW (φωνηση). Aorist active subjunctive of φωνεω, to use the voice, used of animals and men. Note strong double negative ου μη... [ Continue Reading ]