Ephesians 6:23. Peace to the brethren, etc. This double greeting is quite peculiar: it is in the third person, although Ephesians 6:21-22 were in the second; ‘peace' comes before ‘grace' (Ephesians 6:24), reversing the usual order, while the two-fold form is quite as peculiar. (See further, at close of Ephesians 6:24. J ‘Peace ‘is to be taken as usual; comp. chap. Ephesians 1:2. ‘Brethren' refers to the readers (= ‘you'); the next verse seems to extend the benediction.

And love with faith; the latter is pre-supposed in the use of the term ‘brethren;' in inseparable connection with this he wishes for love, Christian love of the brethren. Without faith love cannot exist; ‘faith is the characteristic of proper love (as Galatians 5:6), love is the characteristic of proper faith' (Harless).

From God the Father, etc. The form is the usual one; comp. chap. Ephesians 1:2.

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Old Testament