Acts 17:23

As I passed by [δ ι ε ρ χ ο. μ ε ν ο ς]. More strictly, "passing through [δ ι α] " your city, or your streets.

Beheld [α ν α θ ε ω ρ ω ν]. Only here and Hebrews 13:7. Rev :, much better, observed. The compound verb denotes a very attentive consideration (ajna, up and down, throughout).

Devotions [σ ε β α σ μ α τ α]. Wrong. It means the objects of their worship - temples, altars, statues, etc.

An altar [β ω μ ο ν]. Only here in New Testament, and the only case in which a heathen altar is alluded to. In all other cases qusiasthrion is used, signifying an altar of the true God. The Septuagint translators commonly observe this distinction, being, in this respect, more particular than the Hebrew scriptures themselves, which sometimes interchange the word for the heathen altar and that for God's altar. See, especially, Joshua Acts 17:2

2where the altar reared by the Transjordanic tribes is called, bwmov, as being no true altar of God (vv. 10, 11, 16, 19, 23, 26, 34); and the legitimate altar, qusiasthrion (vv. 19, 28, 29).

To the unknown God [α γ ν ω σ τ ω θ ε ω]. The article is wanting. Render, as Rev., to an unknown God. The origin of these altars, of which there were several in Athens, is a matter of conjecture. Hackett's remarks on this point are sensible, and are born out by the following words : "whom therefore," etc. "The most rational explanation is unquestionably that of those who suppose these altars to have had their origin in the felling of uncertainty, inherent, after all, in the minds of the heathen, whether their acknowledgment of the superior posers was sufficiently full and comprehensive; in their distinct consciousness of the limitation and imperfection of their religious views, and their consequent desire to avoid the anger of any still unacknowledged God who might be unknown to them. That no deity might punish them for neglecting his worship, or remain to all the gods named or known among them, but, distrustful still lest they might not comprehend fully the extent of their subjection and dependence, they erected them also to any other God or power that might exist, although as yet unrevealed to them.... Under these circumstances an allusion to one of these altars by the apostle would be equivalent to his saying to the Athenians thus : 'You are correct in acknowledging a divine existence beyond any which the ordinary rites of your worship recognize; there is such an existence. You are correct in confessing that this Being is unknown to you; you have no just conceptions of his nature and perfections. '" Ignorantly [α γ ν ο ο υ ν τ ε ς]. Rather, unconsciously : not knowing. There is a kind of play on the words unknown, knowing not. Ignorantly conveys more rebuke than Paul intended.

Declare I [κ α τ α γ γ ε λ λ ω]. Compare kataggeleuv, setter - forth., in verse Acts 17:1

8Here, again, there is a play upon the words. Paul takes up their noun, setter - forth, and gives it back to them as a verb. "You say I am a setter - forth of strange gods : I now set forth unto you (Rev.) the true God."